should southern be capitalized

However, if you are referring to a general region, such as the east coast of the United States then you should keep the words lowercase. Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? Title Case Capitalization (APA 7th) Sentence Case Capitalization (APA 7th) On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Drive south for five miles. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Capitalization For WebCT Users in Writing Classes: The "caps" icon (usually immediately before a word) indicates either that the following word ought to be capitalized (for one of the reasons listed here) or, if it is already capitalized, that it shouldn't be. Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". South-Eastern Albania? The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. . Is Southern capitalized in southern states? Posted by These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". The state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations in 1963. Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. any that aren't articles, conjunctions or prepositions) should be capitalised. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Is Colorado in the west or the West? The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. Back East. However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. Use capital letters in the following ways: The first words of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. Should north East south West be capitalized? In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. Usage guide. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As an aside, when we toured through the San Francisco Peninsula earlier this year, our guide told us that the natives generally didn't like the name 'Silicon Valley'. PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. The pastor prayed that God should deliver us from our sins. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. As a general thumb rule, if a particular direction (north, south, etc.) Capitalize the pronoun. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. Whether it's an "official" name or not and how well the thing is defined have no bearing whatsoever. With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. Dates. Capitalize directions that are names; North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions. Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. The same rules apply to capitalizing western as capitalizing west. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? So, option 2 is correct. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? When to capitalize North East South West? But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. Should southern be capitalized? These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). Use the US Postal Services symbol system, which is a two-letter abbreviation that consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are capitalized and no periods are used when giving an address or in tables or other uses where space is limited. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Hi, Victoria. Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. Do you know "what is the Western Hemisphere?" The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. When writing or proofreading manuscripts, names of regions and their capitalization rules could be tricky to discern or ascertain. As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. The direction word makes it a proper noun. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. By attaching itself to a common object, the language or country name takes on a new meaning. Broadly speaking, a region is an area that's divided by: Geographic regions are usually depicted by their not-so-clearly defined, and at times transitory boundaries. If the is used, use Prime Minister. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. When dealing with geographic terms, capitalize nouns such as "river", "lake", etc. the Deep South. If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. This is the sentence that is capitalized correctly. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. They are written with capital letters. It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Capitalize proper nouns and most adjectives formed from proper nouns. We lowercase the terms when they refer to directions: The United States is located north of Mexico. The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. Circling back to the "title" rule, if the headline is in sentence case and the word "region" is not the starting word of the title, "region" should be written in lowercase. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? AP Style says it should be capitalized while the Chicago Style Manual says it should be lowercased. I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Lorry Vs. Truck: Meaning And How To Use Each One, Turnip Vs. Radish: Meaning And Differences Of These Words. Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. Capitalize proper nounsand adjectives derived from proper nouns. Names of regions should be capitalized if those are proper nouns or denote a country, city, continent, etc. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. This is known as 'title case'. So you would only capitalize federal when you use it in the name of a federal agency, an act, or some other proper noun. References to God (s) The word "god" should be capitalized if it is being used as a proper name of a monotheistic god, as in God in Christianity and Judaism. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? are not capitalized when they merely denote compass direction. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html. Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Are you captivated by capitalization? Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. proofreading, However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. When to capitalize North East south west? I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. @Devil07, the geographical adjective "southern" is not usurped -- it just means something different. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. What states in the US are consider southern states? The first letter of someone's first, middle, and last name is always capitalized, as in John William Smith . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Hi, Chris. West is directly opposite east. So, noun will be always first capital letter. But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. When did they standardize state abbreviations? Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. There may be disagreement about where the border of Southern California begins, just as there was and is about the border of the Wild West, but the fact that the Los Angeles metropolitan area, Orange County, and San Diego are all located in Southern California is beyond debate. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . North Dakota; West Virginia; Also capitalize compass points when used in denoting widely known sections. Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. In headlines, the periods are omitted. 5 Should states and territories be Capitalised? Settlers moved into the West. 2023 Caniry - All Rights Reserved Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? The following examples illustrate not only the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS] but also variations based on context and usage. When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. My friend is a southerner. Here are some rules to follow. editing, Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? Similar is the case with the following set of words: Here are a couple of sentences for further clarity on the matter: When terms such as "southern district" and "western region" are used as names for specific units within an organization, capitalize them. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: My friend is a southerner. (Cap or no cap on east and west). When in doubt, lowercase. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. When referring to a specific region, you should capitalize the words East Coast such as Im traveling to the East Coast since East Coast is a proper noun in this case. I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. For example, we capitalize north, south, east, and west when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. South Pacific. Chicago style is best for writers who want to adhere to traditional publishing standards and academic writers in non-scientific fields. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. rev2023.3.3.43278. How do I connect these two faces together? hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . Hi, Michael. Updated on December 22, 2018. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. . The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The main style guides all agree on this, although . What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? The names of things are known as common nouns. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (Most uses will be uppercase.) Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. I live to the west of Detroit Michigan. The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized ("I spotted a red-tailed hawk," not "I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk"), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in "Steller . Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. Is summer a good time? However, the forms bachelor's degree, bachelor's, master's degree and master's are acceptable as general terms. Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. Is it "southern California" or "Southern California?". When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. Hi there! Seasons. I tried to describe the difference in my answer below. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. Surely not one word Southeast? If the writer is referring to the United States and calling it just the States, then states needs to be capitalized. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. Is north capitalized there? Do You Capitalize the Word "Queen" in a Sentence? Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. 1. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. But, generally, you only need to capitalize a direction in a place name if the direction is a standard part of the places name. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. When did states go to 2 letter abbreviations? Capitalizing southern and capitalizing south have the same rules. Capitalizing western and capitalizing west have the same rules. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. For example, "Global is a proper noun." . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. Southern, on the other hand, is capitalized by convention when it refers to California: I live in Southern California. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. The word states would remain lower case if states is referred to in a general way, such as There are two senators for each state.. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize "Southern" when referring to "the South" in the United States, regardless of whether you're discussing the Civil War. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated.

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