[42] Twenty-six species of mammals have been recorded in the park including the largest surviving population of Nilgiri tahr,[43] estimated at 750 individuals. [22] Similarly the Cherthala Taluk was transferred into the newly formed Kollam district on 1 July 1949. from Kochi - Ernakulam - 150 km; Railway. [10], Idukki was part of three Nadus (provinces) during the period of the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram (800 - 1102 CE) for nearly three centuries. [45][46] The park is administered by the Kerala Department of Forests and Wildlife, Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. Though it is the second-largest district in the region in terms of area, it has the lowest population density among the districts of Kerala. At present, there is no railway in and to Idukki district of Kerala. Thirteen other peaks in the district exceed a height of 2,000m (6,600ft). [18] Early plantations had few facilities and were mainly huts of straw. [14] The land and the plantations were later resumed by the Government of Kerala through the Kannan Devan Hills (Resumption Of Lands) Act, 1971. Around 66% of Kerala's power needs come from various Hydroelectric Power Projects in Idukki district. [35] The district has a population density of 251 inhabitants per square kilometre (650/sqmi). [10] Spices might had been imported from the region as a part of the ancient Indian Ocean trade. [31][32] Changes in rainfall patterns caused by climate change, coupled with deforestation and large-scale construction projects, are among the contributing factors that led to the August 2020 landslide that killed 65 people, including plantation workers. [30] Researchers attribute the increasing frequency in landslides in Idukki to climate change and deforestation. [10] The Vempolinadu royal family got evolved into two independent branches by the 12th century CE - the southern branch among them later came to be known as the kingdom of Thekkumkur. Higher peaks like Anamudi on the eastern border of the Idukki district have acted as a natural boundary between the Malayalam kingdoms and the contemporary Tamil kingdoms in the past, thereby reducing invasions into the region from the neighbouring Tamil country as well as from other parts of the Indian peninsula. The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic congestion is a major problem in the city. [10] This incident commenced the beginning of the Poonjar dynasty in the region. [12], The Thekkumkur Rajas allied with the Kingdom of Cochin and the Kingdom of Odanad (Kayamkulam) against the military invasions of the kingdom of Travancore into its northern kingdoms that occurred during the 1740's. Pambadum Shola National Park, Retrieved 6 April 2007, K.S. [23] Pattom came up with a colonisation project to re-engineer the demography of Cardamom Hills. [10], It was during the reign of Uthiyan Cheralathan (105-130 CE) that the Chera dynasty began to expand towards the northern and the eastern regions of Kuttanad by conquering the provinces of Kudanadu and Kongu Nadu. [10] The Megalithic monuments found from Idukki show numerous similarities with the contemporary remnants those discovered from Deccan plateau and other parts of the South India. [5][6] Idukki district lies amid the Cardamom Hills of Western Ghats in Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram Rajdhani Express The Konkan Railway (abbreviated KR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India with its headquarters at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.The first passenger train ran on Konkan railway tracks on 20 March 1993, between Udupi and Mangalore.During its initial years of operation in the mountainous Konkan region, a number of accidents prompted Konkan Railway [10] The Cardamom Proclamation of 1822, issued by the Rani Uthrittathi Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi, the regent of the British Princely state of Travancore at that time, paved the way for bringing people from outside for collecting Cardamom from the forest of the Cardamom Hills in the district. Thomankoothu waterfalls is not a single waterfall but a series of 12 falls over a distance of 5km. [1] The Periyar River is a major river that originates and flows through Idukki. of Kerala", http://www.forest.kerala.gov.in/index.php/idukki/thommankuthu-eco-tourism, "Revenue villages, Taluks, and Revenue divisions in Idukki district", "A Day with Mannans of Kovilamala Kingdom Kerala", "Kerala to share cost of Sabarimala rail project", "First plane to land in Idukki on Kerala Piravi Day; NCC's airstrip nearing completion at Vandiperiyar", "NCC's airstrip at Peerumade nearing completion", Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI), Nediyiruppu Swaroopam (Kingdom of Calicut), Manakkattu Devi Temple, Pallippad, Harippad, Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Kshethram, Kottarakkulam Sree Mahaganapathy Kovil, Kollam, Thrikkovil Sree Padmanabha Swami Kshetram, Thiruvullakkavu Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idukki_district&oldid=1112234843, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 September 2022, at 09:23. The Kochi metro project is the first metro in the country which connects rail, road and water transport facilities. [59][60][61], This article is about Idukki. [22] Hence Idukki was a part of the Kottayam district at the time of the formation of the state Kerala in 1956. The western part of the district is covered by forests and hills bordering the eastern regions of Ernakulam and Kottayam district like Neriyamangalam, Vannapuram, Thommankuthu, Moolamattom, Vagamon and Kuttikanam. [39][40], The former Kundala Valley Railway in Munnar was destroyed by a flood in 1924, but tourism officials are considering reconstructing the railway line to attract tourists.[19]. Mail/Express Train. Thiruvananthapuram (/ t r u v n n t p r m /; Malayalam: [tiunndpum] ()), also known by its former name Trivandrum (/ t r v n d r m /), is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala.It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. [10] The district of Idukki was inhabited by various tribes like Malavedas, Malayarayas, Muthuvans, and Paliyans, during the early period of its human history. [15], Munnar has acted as the summer residence of the British residents in Travancore. Idukki has a sex ratio of 1,006 females for every 1,000 males,[35] and a literacy rate of 92.2 percent. Rake maintained by SR/Southern Railway Zone. train and falling into a river. Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary came into existence in 1976. History 18321852: Industrial railways. [38] It was also the first to get BSNL 4G in whole country, taking the number of 4G operators in the district to four, including Vodafone Idea Ltd, Jio, and Bharti Airtel. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 8 in) metre gauge railway in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India, built by the British in 1908. The train reverses direction at Vishakhapatnam and gets a Santragachi or Howrah-based WAP-7 electric locomotive for the rest way up to Howrah. Kerala State Road Transport Corporation bus stand is walking distance from Aluva Railway Station, and buses are available for Munnar every hour. [36], According to the 2011 census, Hindus make up 48.86% (541,854) of the population, with Christians at 43.42% (Syro-Malabar, Jacobite, Pentecostal and Malankara Orthodox) (481,507) and Muslims at 7.41% (82,206).[37]. [49], This district has several protected areas including Periyar Tiger Reserve in the south, Kurinjimala Sanctuary to the east, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary to the northeast, Eravikulam National Park and Anamudi Shola National Park to the north and Pampadum Shola National Park to the south. Having said that, THIS train covers the longest distance of 4,150 kilometers connecting Assam to Tamil Nadu. Apart from the Kanyakumari district, the Devikulam taluk in present-day Idukki district had a slight Tamil-majority in the late 1940's. [25] Two new Taluks, namely Kanjirappally (from Changanassery and Thiruvalla) and Udumbanchola (from Devikulam and Peerumede) were carved out on 1 October 1956 in the Kottayam district. The eastern frontier of the district (Kumily, Kattapana, Nedumkandam, Rajakumari and Ramakkalmedu) constitutes the Cardamon hills. [10], Ancient Roman coins have been found from the regions like Edamaruku near Thodupuzha, indicating ancient trade between the Ancient Rome and the region during the Classical Antiquity. The Pambar river valley (Marayoor, Keezhanthoor) forms an eastern sloping rain shadow region of the Western Ghats. The town is situated at the convergence of three mountain streams, namely Muthirappuzha, Nallathanni, and Kundala. [12] According to the treaty signed on 16 June 1664, Dutch Malabar had trade contracts with the Thekkumkur Rajas on spices, cinnamon, opium, etc. 132 species of birds have been recorded which include endemics like black-and-orange flycatcher, Nilgiri pipit, Nilgiri wood pigeon, white bellied shortwing, Nilgiri flycatcher and Kerala laughingthrush. [10] During the reign of Narmudi Cheral, the regions included in the Kingdom of Ezhimala was also added to the Chera empire. [10] During the Travancore Era, Munnar has acted as the summer residence of the British residents in Travancore. Idukki district contains two municipal towns - Kattappana and Thodupuzha. It is expected to carry passengers between the two cities in just three hours and the ticket prices There is a Lok Sabha constituency in Idukki: Idukki. About 600 passenger trains pass through the station each day, utilising its 24 platforms, and serving more than one million passengers per day. The 12433 / 12434 Chennai Central - Hazrat Nizamuddin Rajdhani Express is an important train connecting Chennai & New Delhi.According to 1997-98 railway budget, pantry car service was introduced on 2633/2634 (number of that time) Hazrat Nizamuddin-Chennai Rajdhani Express in 1996-97 and maybe it was introduced then (1996-97) . Its population growth rate over the decade 20012011 was 1.93% due to emigration and low fertility rates. [10] Vadakkumkur was a vassal state of the Kingdom of Cochin during that time. [1] The first and oldest dam in Kerala is Mullaperiyar. [24], Furthermore, some quick decisions were taken by Pattom Thanu Pillai, who was the first prime minister of Travancore, to ensure that the taluk of Devikulam will retain in the modern-state of Kerala, as the region had a greater economic importance in the future coastal state of Kerala. [10] Huge Kodumkallaras and Nadukkallus were discovered from the excavation sites in Vandiperiyar region as well. The Mumbai Suburban Railway is an offshoot of the first passenger railway to be built by the British East India Company, and is also the oldest railway system in Asia.The first train was run by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (now Central Railway) between Bori Bunder (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus) and Thane, a distance of 34 km, on 16 April 1853 at 15:35. It serves as a major stop for both Local and Inter-City/Express trains with separate platforms for them. [10], Vadakkumkur Raja was a part of the combined military alliance formed by the kingdoms of Odanad (Kayamkulam), Thekkumkur, and Cochin against the expansion of Travancore into the northern territories. The largest dam in Kerala is Idukki Dam, which also one of the largest arch-dams in Asia. It is highly vulnerable to floods and drought and is considered a climate change hotspot in Kerala, along with the districts of Alappuzha, Palakkad, and Wayanad. The 12805 / 12806 Janmabhoomi Express is an InterCity service of Indian Railways that travels from Lingampalli to Visakhapatnam.It was first introduced between Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada Jn. Shatabdi Express are day-trains and mostly return to their origin station the same day. [1] A significant area in the district is protected as reserved forests and wildlife sanctuaries. The encompassing urban agglomeration population is around 1.68 million. [10] Afterwards the dynasty got split into three branches and fixed their capitals at Muziris, Tyndis, and Caroura, respectively, as seen in the ancient Greco-Roman travelogues as well as the Old Tamil literary works of the Sangam period. The altitude ranges from 450 to 1272 m. The highest peak is Vanjur Medu (1272m). [10] Remnants of numerous medieval forts have been found from Karikode near Thodupuzha, which was the capital of the kingdom of Keezhmalanadu, many of them belonging to the era between 14th century CE and 16th century CE. Endemic butterflies confined to the shola-grass land ecosystem like the red disk bushbrown and Palni four-wing are among the 101 species in the park. [48], Kurinjimala Sanctuary protects the approximately 32km2 core habitat of the endangered Neelakurinji plant in Kottakamboor and Vattavada villages in Devikulam Taluk, Idukki district of Kerala State in South India. [10] Pamba, the third-longest river in Kerala, also has its origin in the district of Idukki. [25] After a month, a new Taluk called Kuttanad was carved out from Changanassery and Ambalappuzha. [10] Keezhmalanadu merged with the Kingdom of Vadakkumkur around 1600 CE. [10], The High Range region was later handed over to the Poonjar dynasty by the Thekkumkur Rajas. It got destroyed in the Great flood of 99 in 1924. ", "The Mullaperiyar Dam dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu is unnecessary", "Geographic fragility of Idukki to the fore", "Four districts categorised as climate change hotspots", "Why do landslides keep occurring in Kerala's Idukki district? [10] The rulers of this dynasty were also known by the titles Bimbaleeshas and Manikandas in the contemporary Sanskrit works just like their Thekkumkur counterparts. The average train between Hyderabad and Kerala takes 30h 50m and the fastest train takes 30h 47m. There are five Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Idukki district. retrieved 20 April 2007, Government of Kerala, Forest and Wildlife Department, Notification No. [56] The system of governance here is a democratic monarchy in which a king is elected by the people to rule.[57]. In 1998, Kuttampuzha village was transferred into the Ernakulam district, making Idukki the second largest district in Kerala, only after to Palakkad. Train no. The southern region is entirely covered with the forests of the Periyar National Park. [10] The Portuguese explorers described the region as "The Pepper country" due to the availability and high scale production of good quality Black pepper there during the 16th century CE. [18] Soon many other Europeans began establishing tea plantations in the area throughout the 1880s, after A H Sharp, a European planter entered into tea cultivation in the region. Early history. [19] Many dams were constructed in Idukki district during the Travancore rule in the region. In 1998, Kuttampuzha village was transferred into the Ernakulam district, making Idukki the second largest district in Kerala, only after to Palakkad. You can edit it before submission Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. [10] Megalithic remnants of Kallaras and Nadukkallus are also found at Kallarpattam colony in Udumbanchola taluk. It was the largest district of Kerala by area at that time. [10] As a result, Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma, the architect of the modern Travancore, attacked and annexed the kingdom of Thekkumkur into Travancore in 1749 during the Battle of Changanassery, after his annexation of Kayamkulam in 1746. It was built in 1955. Kovilmala, near Kattappana in Idukki is home to one of the still ruling tribal kings in India, Kovilmala Raja Mannan. Places like Thodupuzha, Koothattukulam, Udumbanoor and Muttom are situated in the semi elevated Thodupuzha river plains with scattered hills. info); Malayalam: Kochi, formerly known as Cochin) is a major port city in the Indian state of Kerala.The city is widely known as the commercial or economic capital of the state of Kerala. Kochi ([koti ] ()), also known as Cochin (/ k o t n / KOH-chin) (the official name until 1996) is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea.It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is commonly referred to as Ernakulam.Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala. [11], Located on the highest point of elevation on the Peninsular India, the Cardamom Hills and its surrounding regions were inhabited by human beings during the Megalithic age itself. Howrah railway station, also known as Howrah Junction, is a railway station located in the city of Howrah, West Bengal, India. Most of the park is grassland and the average altitude is more than 5000 feet above sea level. 36/2006 F&WLD", "Proposal for Kurinjimala sanctuary awaits Cabinet nod", http://www.forest.kerala.gov.in/index.php/wildlife/2015-03-16-09-50-24/2015-06-26-09-04-29/idukki-wildlife-sanctuary, "Information and Public Relations Department, Govt. They are:[54]. [10] Usage of Iron was common in the Megalithic culture of Deccan. [10] Manavikrama crossed the Western Ghats and sought political asylum in Kerala. [10] The controversial Mullaperiyar Dam was also constructed during the period. The first-ever mode of the urban rail transit system in India was commuter rail (or suburban rail), built in Mumbai on 16 April 1853. [8] The Idukki Dam is one of the highest arch dams in Asia. [citation needed] Most of the native flora and fauna of Munnar have disappeared due to severe habitat fragmentation resultant from the creation of the plantations. [10] It was bounded by the Ay kingdom to the south, which included the regions between Pamba River and Kanyakumari (Cape Comorin), and the province of Kudanad, which lies between the rivers Periyar and Chaliyar (modern-day districts of Thrissur, Palakkad, and Malappuram), to the north. [citation needed], Anamudi and Meesapulimala, the two highest peaks in India south of the Himalayas, are located in Idukki district. , also has its origin in the district ( Kumily, Kattapana, Nedumkandam, Rajakumari and ) Apart from the excavation sites in Vandiperiyar region as well 1102 CE following the Chera-Chola wars demography of Hills! For both Local and Inter-City/Express trains with separate platforms for them 1600 CE considerable progress and social reformation in spheres. 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