F Both seismic load cases, Case 1 = L + 0.3T and Case 2 = 0.3L + T, must be satisfied. The following sections, except those specified as modified, shall be preferred because of their familiarity to local precast plants. 8 = Strength of RCC is defined as compressive strength after 28 days, expressed as M15, M20, where M stands for Mix and 15 stands for 15 N/mm 2 (n/mm 2 must be read as 'Newtons per millimeter Cubed) compressive strength at 28 days. Johnathan Brewer is a home improvement expert with over two decades of professional experience as a licensed general contractor specializing in kitchen and bath. A c {\displaystyle \,V_{n}} DRYLOK Masonry Caulk Gray Acrylic 10.5-oz Crack Filler. This point will mark the end of the wing which is perpendicular to the centerline of the roadway. The NU girders shall use conventional concrete with the following compression strength. Sometimes the material and width or span of the concrete joints are required to improve the performance of the material and allow the materials to expand/contract or move without damaging other structures. fy = yield strength of shear reinforcement not to exceed 60 ksi. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. The wooden expansion joint compresses as the concrete expands. See EPG 751.22.3.7.1 Dimensions for location of the corresponding detail circles. 1 shall have sectional views shown hatched with light parallel lines, evenly spaced and sloped 45 degrees to the horizontal. v. Diagonal cracks accompanied by outward tilting of external walls. nxTXo {\displaystyle \,\phi } Covers can either be designed as removable or permanent accessories. Reinforced brick concrete is a combination of the brick, reinforcement and concrete.The concrete is weak in tension and strong in compression. Electrical & Lighting. These will later be useful in laying in the wings and end bents. Bridge expansion joints are designed to allow for continuous traffic between structures while accommodating movement, shrinkage, and temperature variations on reinforced and prestressed concrete, composite, and steel structures. Construction joints are used in circumstances where two consecutive placements of concrete meet. Effective Slab Thickness . s The fabric reinforcement is pre-woven and cut at the preferred bias angle. If for any reason this is not possible, then place straight strands to the outside of the harped strands. If possible, strands shall not be placed at the specified location due to the conflict with B1 and B2 bars. = + Image Guidelines 5. 7 Similarly, for all other prestressed girders and beams, the joint filler width supporting precast panels shall be considered debonded and excluded when determining the interface resistance. Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. hbbd```b``:"gHb|E 0L0@-HAl&T 0 $ It allows for thermal expansion and contraction without inducing stress into the system.. Debonding at girder ends may be used to reduce concrete compressive forces and shall be used if required to reduce the prestress force at transfer to meet bursting/splitting requirements. I Limit rods may be used in an expansion joint design to limit the axial compression or expansion. C m 2 shall have sectional views shown hatched with light parallel lines, evenly spaced and sloped 45 degrees to the horizontal. s t r Theoretical camber of girder after erection due to self-weight of girder and prestressing forces shall be determined at 90 days as: a Camber at midspan due to strand forces is determined by the following: For straight strands (groups determined by debonding lengths), Place formworks similar to other elements of the building. f Crack in non-load bearing wall Cladding and cross-walls of framed structure: In case of framed structure roof slab, beams, and columns move jointly, causing diagonal cracks in walls which are generally parallel to the movement and horizontal cracks are located below the beams. Since 1993, we have been setting the standard for resinous flooring systems in the industry by providing a variety of durable, dependable solutions for a variety of unique applications. Unless specified the details shown are for the same girder heights within a continuous girder series. endstream endobj startxref roof slab is caused due to thermal expansion and contraction because of inadequate thermal insulation or protective cover on the roof slab. On the other hand, the track must always provide a continuous surface for the wheels traveling over it. Saw-cut joints should be done within four to 12 hours after the concrete has been finished. When using straight strands in the top flange of NU Girders and harped strands, lower (drop) the harped strand end locations and vertically align straight strands directly over harped strands to facilitate top flange blockout fabrication by removing interference created between straight strands placed to the outside of the harped strands and the flange blockout forms. I The concrete needs to be sufficiently dense and watertight. j Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics Are We Creating a Code Tsunami? [2][3][4] Modular multiple-gap expansion joints can accommodate movements in all directions and rotations about every axis. "*+^VYd9PHmgMjkH]=Xmm-iR-[K:JE]4-VmX]#+1FjEe-NZra^dy f_nCo/Y)oP;%X9~?vS"4iHd+'V7MBiXZ( 5QA`hKiH11C|;[^D e2Pqven#nzcT#;^HZ|"clUba2^@#2BF:g*{/;*8 +*p4|CP|w36N[ 801"qJXz#f0~_; 42e5|i" hyc s S Galvanised Rainwater. Flexure capacity of girders shall be determined as the following. If the resistance provided by extending the vertical shear reinforcement is inadequate then, in lieu of increasing shear reinforcement, additional U bars may be provided as shown for a Type 7 girder in EPG 751.22.3.4 Girder Reinforcement. {\displaystyle \,A1={\frac {T_{t}}{f_{s}}}}. The interface shear shall be resisted by extending and anchoring the vertical shear reinforcement into the slab. Cost Effective and Innovative Housing Technology, North Americas evolution toward taller wood buildings - Nov-2014. If A.B. Designs using MoDOT standard Type 6 girders shall be limited to 105 feet maximum length to ensure stability during fabrication, shipping and erection. Will vary for curved alignments. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Use isolation joints between slabs and columns, walls and footings and where curbs or sidewalks meet other concrete structures. 704-15 Precast Concrete Pavement Slab Systems Precast Concrete Precast Concrete Pavement Slab Systems 705-07 Premoulded Resilient Joint Filler Premoulded Resilient Joint Filler 705-08 Preformed, Closed-Cell Foam Material Preformed Closed-Cell Foam Material 709-01 Bar Reinforcement, Grade 60 Bar Reinforcement, Grade 60 Reinforcing Bars An effective slab thickness shall be used for design by deducting from the actual slab thickness a 1 integral, sacrificial wearing surface. ( , then Note: Camber is calculated 7 days after strand release to allow sufficient time for inspection. See Bridge Standard Drawings for details not shown below. r The development length for prestressing strands shall be taken as: l Alternate Bar Reinforcing Steel Details for NU Girders. 1. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. For all other limit states, Minimum amount of prestressed and non-prestressed tensile reinforcement shall be so that the factored flexural resistance, Mr, is at least equal to the lesser of: Shear capacity of girders shall be checked along girder length and girder-slab interface. s The cracks should be repaired by filling with weak mortar when they are dormant or by providing a vertical groove in the plaster at the junction. Total initial camber at transfer due to self-weight of girder and prestressing forces shall be determined as: Doors & Windows. = Use straight diaphragm normal to girders for skews thru 20. Concrete shear blocks shall be used when 4 anchor bolts per bearing are insufficient, or for preventing loss of support on beams and stub bent footings. = 1.00. All Rights Reserved. Non-Integral End Bents. Consider using the same number of draped strands for all spans and debond where needed. [20] Also, periodically inspect the expansion joint throughout the operating life of the system in order to check for external corrosion, loosening of threaded fasteners and deterioration of anchors, guides, and other hardware.[21]. r in. [22], https://www.uslekspan.com/solutions/offshore-marine-and-ports/expansion-joints/modular/britflex-bej/ Archived 2021-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, For the railway-specific expansion joints, see, Automated winding of rubber expansion joints. Building Engineering, Buildings, Masonry Walls, Cracks in Walls. An effective slab thickness shall be used for design by deducting from the actual slab thickness a 1 integral, sacrificial wearing surface. Expansion joints are often included in industrial piping systems to accommodate movement due to thermal and mechanical changes in the system. If your protocol is a sub-study of an existing study, please include a brief description of the parent study, the current status of the parent study, and how the sub-study will fit with the parent study. Construction joints are normally placed at the end of the day or when concrete pour has been stopped for longer than theinitial setting time of concrete. Column and Wall Masonry 3. ( The following charts provide span ranges (limits) for P/S I-girders based on girder spacing and standard roadway widths. ; Hence, to achieve the economy, the concrete in the (a) For curved alignments this dimension will need to be increased on one side and (Min. Horizontal Crack at the Junction of Roof Slab and Masonry Wall Support 2. i The prestress losses shall be calculated to investigate concrete stresses at two different stages. Bearing assembles are typically required at end diaphragms and therefore, for the sake of future bearing rehabilitation, it is standard practice to detail as open-end diaphragms in accordance with the next two articles. 2. Barrier joints may be formed using -inch joint filler in accordance with Sec 1057 or saw cut and seal with silicone joint sealant in accordance with Sec 717. Click here to review the details. The dome also eliminates hard filling and speeds up the process of making a spot-on slab of concrete. Polished concrete is a multi-step process where a concrete floor is mechanically ground, honed and polished with bonded abrasives in order to cut a concrete floor's surface. V Irresistible content for immovable prospects, How To Build Amazing Products Through Customer Feedback. When the CL of the intermediate bents and the fill face lines have been added, chords should be drawn connecting these points sequentially. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. The lowest concrete strength satisfying the demand shall be used. The cracks may be straight or toothed. Deflection and camber calculations shall consider all internal loads (i.e., prestressing, concrete creep, and shrinkage) and external loads such as dead loads and live loads. ), Total height of girder including slab thickness, (in. The pre-molded joint filler should be used to separate slabs from building walls or footings. Filler is injected into portholes drilled every 4 to 8 inches along the crack to prevent it from growing. Hazard Tapes. x ) [7] Concrete decking (most typically in sidewalks) can suffer similar horizontal issues, which is usually relieved by adding a wooden spacer between the slabs. framed structures. s s ) BRISTAN BLITZ BATH FILLER CHROME 110.25 Plumbing, Drainage & Guttering. Haunching for a prestressed bridge is the distance between the top of the girder or spread beam and the bottom of the slab. 1 Concrete degradation may have many different causes.Concrete is mostly damaged by the corrosion of reinforcement bars due to the carbonatation of hardened cement paste or chloride attack under wet conditions. For girders that have excessive haunch or girder steps, create new B1 bars and adjust heights in one inch increments or provide #4 hairpin bars in accordance with EPG 751.10.1.14 Girder and Beam Haunch Reinforcement to ensure at least 2 inches of embedment into slab. S {\displaystyle \,Q=\textstyle \sum } All reinforcement in diaphragms, slab and barrier or railing shall be epoxy coated. ( Deformed wire larger than D6 = 4.0 x Nominal Wire Diameter, Nominal Bar Diameter or Nominal Wire Diameter, A clear distance of 1.33 x Maximum Aggregate Size, Center-to-center spacing of 2" for 0.6" strand diameter, Center-to-center spacing of 1.75" for 0.5" strand diameter. DRYLOK masonry crack filler is formulated to seal and waterproof cracks in interior and exterior concrete walls, walkways, steps, driveways, garage and basement floors, and to replace cracked mortar joints. When you join you get additional benefits. The cracks are wider at top and narrower downward. It should not be used in locations where the wall is likely to be in contact with moisture. {\displaystyle \,f_{ps}} vi. Add "(Typ.)" BRISTAN BLITZ BATH FILLER CHROME 110.25 Plumbing, Drainage & Guttering. See EPG 1029 Fabricating Prestressed Concrete Members for Bridges. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24). ), = Eccentricity between centroid of harped strands (CHS) and center of gravity of transformed non-composite section (CGB) at the end of girder as shown in Figure below, (in. j See EPG 751.11.3.6 Girder/Beam Chairs for additional girder chair details. Girder regions requiring shear reinforcement. HN@#F{ZBH jE* zQzaX&R&Qizp|?Cxrg}ueZ2L Because of the labor-intensive production process, a large part of the production has moved to eastern Europe and Asian countries. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. a As a preventive measure, proper corner reinforcement in two layers should be provided to resist lifting of the corners. 2 MS Cells are given for each case. = Doors & Windows. Filler is injected into portholes drilled every 4 to 8 inches along the crack to prevent it from growing. j Short spans (<40 ft.) are to use straight strands only for all girders greater than 2'-8" tall. Inadequate protective cover against heat on the roof, and. s C {\displaystyle \,\Delta _{90}=\Delta _{IC}+\Delta _{CR\ at\ 90\ days}}, Final camber at midspan after slab is poured. 12 mm th. i Strength of RCC is defined as compressive strength after 28 days, expressed as M15, M20, where M stands for Mix and 15 stands for 15 N/mm 2 (n/mm 2 must be read as 'Newtons per millimeter Cubed) compressive strength at 28 days. See Structural Project Manager for preference on modifying this detail when either the end bent or intermediate bent is not applicable for the span. Typical layers are: outer cover to act a gas seal, a corrosion-resistant material such as Teflon, a layer of fiberglass to act as an 12.0 Since 1993, we have been setting the standard for resinous flooring systems in the industry by providing a variety of durable, dependable solutions for a variety of unique applications. Vertical cracks at the junctions of an old portion of building and new extension. Welded Wire Reinforcing Steel Details for NU Girders. Please enter your email address. V Spacing between each pretressing strand shall not be less than the larger of: Designers shall first attempt to use one of the strand arrangements specified in EPG 751.22.3.2.1 through EPG 751.22.3.2.5. See Bridge Standard Drawings for details. {\displaystyle \,v_{u}<0.125f'_{c}} e If the masonry is built with concrete blocks, the concrete blocks should be of dense and light weight concrete. L Fillers such as clay, silica, and carbon network materials have been extensively researched and used in polymer composites in part due to their effect on mechanical properties. Regular longitudinal slab reinforcement may be utilized as part of the total longitudinal reinforcement required. The debonding regions shall be indicated on the plans by specifying the required smooth finish and applied bond breaker in the dimensions detail on the beam or girder sheet. Spray a mixture of cement and waterproofing material on the reinforced concrete sunken slab. Green items are guidance and shall not be shown on plans. L Welded wired reinforcement shall not be epoxy coated. x During installation, prevent any damage to the bellows by carefully following the instructions furnished by the manufacturer. Typical joints that are molded are medium-sized expansion joints with bead rings, which are produced in large quantities. R [8], Control joints, or contraction joints, are sometimes confused with expansion joints, but have a different purpose and function. Saw-cut joints should be done within four to 12 hours after the concrete has been finished. u The strand arrangement number shall be specified in the design. A second tie point may be required if the skew is not measured to the CL of roadway at the bridge tie point. Bituminous Coat . These bearings will not line up across the bent and will actually diverge more the farther away they are from the CL of the survey. All reinforcement in diaphragms, slab and barrier or railing shall be epoxy coated. ) Creep is a time-dependent phenomenon in which deformation increases under a constant stress. When using joint groove for contraction joints, the joint should be a minimum depth of 1/4 thickness of the slab. Two parts should be separated by a step or expansion joint right from the foundation to top. Line Drain & Manhole Covers. Service I load combination shall be used. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined. NU 53 girders are shown in the following details. gap filled with Bitumen Filler . If your protocol is a sub-study of an existing study, please include a brief description of the parent study, the current status of the parent study, and how the sub-study will fit with the parent study. Deck Slab Reinforcement - Steel Stringers 7.1.2 PDF: June-13 Deck Slab Reinforcement - Precast Concrete NEBT and Box Beams 7.1.3 PDF: June-13 Deck Slab Reinforcement - Design Assumptions 7.1.4 PDF: June-13 Additional Overhang Reinforcement - CT-TL2 Barrier 7.1.5 PDF: June-13 Additional Overhang Reinforcement - S3-TL4 Railing 7.1.6 PDF: June-13 Gypsum plaster is not suited for external work which is liable to get wet. When the process requires large changes in temperature, metal components change size. The concrete needs to be sufficiently dense and watertight. 0.4 The reinforcement receives support from the matrix as the matrix surrounds the reinforcement and maintains its relative positions. Concrete degradation may have many different causes.Concrete is mostly damaged by the corrosion of reinforcement bars due to the carbonatation of hardened cement paste or chloride attack under wet conditions. They can be placed at either end of the bed and still optimize the usage of the bed. Welded wired reinforcement shall not be epoxy coated. March 1917 1 April 2007). 12 mm th. For example, the designer should not use a single column of draped strands on the short spans and two columns of draped strands on the long spans. Joint spacing should also be chosen, so that concrete sections are approximately square. If enough plain cement concrete (PCC) is available at the end of the day, the construction joint can be placed at a planned transverse contraction joint. The distance from the end of girder to CL of bearing point should be half of the bearing length plus one inch minimum clearance. 4 Use steel intermediate diaphragm for prestressed spans over 50 feet except for NU 35 and NU 43 girders. A bellows is made up of a series of convolutions, with the shape of the convolution designed to withstand the internal pressures of the pipe, but flexible enough to accept axial, lateral, and angular deflections. Strands shall be placed on outer edge to help place confinement steel. 5. < 5)UM_H*.JC\43yZh5[&7/2:HI 0xA=8w.PF5],2Uei.n`0J3zN5}L[E]T +-`j`n%r1`e%sEOiMmZzIj/Pl!9EF+o$^Y#bw!U$91dMRronYLchJw4qM1u_FF.hj#vuoj?1b=nlgOj0mFQ:<>9g*M When end bent foundation can accommodate the expansion of the superstructure, the diaphragm can be constructed integral with the bent in accordance with EPG 751.35 Concrete Pile Cap Integral End Bents. slab of glass. Closed concrete diaphragms are typically used at fixed bents where the superstructure is pinned to the beam cap with dowel bars centered in 3- by 6-inch keys formed in the top of the beam cap. {\displaystyle \,V_{c}=0.0316\beta b_{v}d_{v}{\sqrt {f'_{c}}}}, V ( Elevations ,Sections,Plans,Models,Rendering, National Institute Of Fashion Technology(NIFT)-Delhi,Mumbai,Chennai. Polished concrete is a multi-step process where a concrete floor is mechanically ground, honed and polished with bonded abrasives in order to cut a concrete floor's surface. S 7 C No limits are set for other types of prestressed girders however the Structural Project Manager or Structural Liaison Engineer shall be consulted prior to the design of any unusually long prestressed girder. Coil ties and rods shall also be shown in the section near the diaphragm and the horizontal section near the top of diaphragm in accordance with EPG 751.22.3.10 Coil Inserts and Tie Rods. Note: A single point hold-down has twice the uplift force. f o When using joint groove for contraction joints, the joint should be a minimum depth of 1/4 thickness of the slab. ), = Prestressing force in the strand just prior to transfer, (ksi). {\displaystyle \,A_{v}\geq 0.0316{\Bigg (}{\frac {b_{v}s}{f_{y}}}{\Bigg )}{\sqrt {f'_{c}}}}, Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement shall be determined as: B1 bars shall be either #4 or #5 epoxy-coated bars with #4 bars preferred to allow permissible alternate bar shape. {\displaystyle \,\Delta _{c}={\frac {Px}{24E_{c}I'_{tr}}}(3L^{2}-4x^{2})}. ; In the case of beams, lintels and slabs, the concrete present in the lower portion below the neutral axis is not able to resist the load.This concrete acts as only the filler material. H Materials used on concrete joints must be flexible enough to absorb or deform as needed and then be able to restore back to their original state. 20 is the maximum spacing for the D18, D20 and D22 wire sizes. Temporary stresses immediately after transfer: #3 through #5 bars = 4.0 x Nominal Bar Diameter. S This is accomplished by specifying the placement of one-inch minimum joint filler thickness under all panels. Chemical damages are caused by the formation of expansive products produced by various chemical reactions, by aggressive chemical species present in Loft Access. Details for skewed bents are shown below. i 2 Saw-cut joints should be done within four to 12 hours after the concrete has been finished.