The treatment of thatch is based on the impregnation of the material with a combination of biological preservative and fire retardant. Photography by Benjamin Benschneider. The main structural component of vaulted roofing is a light aluminum frame. The Los AngelesMunicipal Code (91.1504.1) excludes themfrom the list of approved roofing materials that can be used in the City of Los Angeles (As well as most others). Apply CDX 5/8 in. how to best design your bathroom for your house????? It is the roof you see on the houses in the game of monopoly. Roofs with a pitch of less than 2/12 are considered flat, even though they technically have some slope. Yes. Related: The Latest Comeback Of The Mansard Roof And Its Unusual Advantages. Clay Tile lasts the longest out of all roofing materials. Hidden roof: A type of Japanese roof construction. It is used for homes of a polygonal shape with many different extensions and side mansards. A roof that has a slope of less than 3 inches per foot is considered flat. Start at the bottom of the roof and work your way up. A low-sloped roof can help keep things warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer by limiting the . LEAN-TOLean-tos have a truss system resting on walls of various heights. The felt keeps the plywood from absorbing heat which causes the shingles to dry out and become brittle. A house with a slanting roof is a mansard. It also matters in terms of a home or building's integrity and safety. For false ceiling work materials that should be used are plywood, fireboard, asbestos cement sheet, thermocol, glass wool, etc. However, the problem with such roofs is that a ladder can't easily reach all upper areas. DeForest Architects deigned this lake house in Washington. Gambrel roofs have two slopes on either side and can be found on barns and homes. Slopes greater than 18 / 12 are found on A-frame roofs and some Mansard style roofs. Pune, Maharashtra 411014, types of roofing sheets used in house construction, false ceiling -definition,benefits and various types. Why? When shooting your nails into the rafters make sure to shoot 3 to 4 into the top plate first and then another 3 or 4 into the joist. The basic need of any house is to provide shelter to human residents and the important part of the house is the roof. The seams are heat welded for intense durability. A roof is considered a low slope when the roof's pitch is below a 2:12. Fast run-off of rain or snow can cause ground erosion behind the shed. The gable roof is the most popular style of sloped roof. Normally, ridges and valleys necessary to provide correct drainage are supplied at 45 increments to the horizontal, however, custom angles can also be provided. The cross-section dimension of rafter timber will depend on their length from the wall plate to the ridge, the type of roof covering, and whether purlins are incorporated in the roof. The insulation for pitched roofs offers thermal comfort, sound protection, and fire resistance. But, what is a roof and what function does it perform?? Computer Designed Sloped Insulation Layouts. Apply self-adhering polymer modified bitumen membrane to the entire deck. A wood roof will need regular attention-if you want it to last. A ramp is formed because one of the walls is slightly higher than the other one. This Belgium home by Lava Architecten is almost a flat roof. Related: Pros And Cons Of A Metal Roof House. The pitched roof is a type of sloping roof system and its construction cost is cheaper compared to other construction methods. You'll need 8 or 9 inches of cellulose to get R-30. The arched roof is ideal for covering large sports facilities, warehouses, commercial property and concert venues. Once you have your initial rafters nailed to the ridge beam and the top plate, you are ready to add additional rafters. A warm pitched roof compared to other styles protects buildings from freezing temperatures. Before you begin insulating a pitched roof, check local building regulations and requirements. If asphalt shingles are to be installed on a low slope roof, special steps are required to avoid short roof life and roof leaks. This work of art is The Keepers House by L.Oberlaender Arquitectos. See how different tiles are joined and layered). 3. Any roof deck is hard to keep dry - but waterproofing a flat or low slope is an extreme challenge. Also they are installed depending upon regions. It may be specified on slopes less than 3 inches . If Sloped roofs are constructed in a hot region, it is recommended to provide a false ceiling from consideration of thermal comfort. Each hanger is nailed between every fourth (or so) rafters and the joist below. Sloped roofs are those which makes an angle or a slope (a tilt), though every kind of roof has some slope (even flat roofs also have some slope to help in drainage). Slope is determined by the vertical rise in inches for every horizontal twelve inch length called the "run". -A ladder -Paint brushes -Paint roller -Paint tray -Ladder stabilizer or other device to help with ladder safety -Paint primer -Paint of your desired color -Roof sealant. It is a single, sloping roof, that youll find attached to a taller wall. Read More-Types of roofing sheets used in House construction. Single slope roof is a roof that has a single pitch in one direction. It is half of a pitched roof. This is especially true if the roof is covered in high-quality natural slate, with a lifespan of over 100 years and no need for any sort of maintenance. Slope is determined by the vertical rise in inches for every horizontal twelve inch length called the run.A 7/12 roof means that for every 12 inches horizontally (the run), the roof rises 7 inches. Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) is a single-ply plastic membrane. Start in one corner and move your way up as you apply the shingles. If it's a multi-story structure, it's even worse. In commercial work, low-slope roofs (with a pitch between 2/12 and 4/12) are most common. A gambrel roof home will have attic space. Know your local regulations and find out what you can and cannot build. Can you shingle a low slope roof? Pitch is calculated as the height, or rise, for a roof pitch over 12 inches of horizontal run. Q. A pyramid shape, built over a rectangular structure with a ridge across the top part of the roof and slopes on all four sides. Steep roofs can be nearly vertical, but eventually the surface becomes a wall or fascia. Roofing is an important process while setting up a structure since it protects all the work done previously and provide them cover from the environmental disturbances, also making the inner environment sustainable. Mansard also refers to gable roofs that have broken line skates. As seen above,anormal hipped roofis built over a rectangular structure with a ridge across the top part of the roof. Unlike its low-slope counterpart, it is vulnerable to wind damage. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. They take longer to install than typical shingles and sometimes are installed for decorative purposes-with another roof underneath them when used for low sloped applications. A roofs span is the length from one walls top plate to a different walls top plate and covers the entire length of the roof. Sloped roofs are very practical. ASTM C 406, " Standard specification for roofing slates.". A top quality metal roof, installed by a qualified professional, ensures that you are making an investment that can last a lifetime! Asphaltic Membrane The Loft by ALT Architectuur offers convenience and style. This kind of roof allows for extra rooms or storage spaces below them, without the need to add an additional (and costly) floor to the whole building. 2. Low slope roofs are from 0 to 3 / 12 in pitch. The house features steeper slopes and supporting walls. A mansard roof will either have synthetic shingles or cedar shake shingles. Dome roofs are also formed out of curved frame elements, and planks. To work properly, it must have an ideal slope of up to 30 degrees, to let water move away quickly. Our staff has the skill and expertise to locate issues, perform the replacement, and to complete repairs. The top of the rafter is cut at an angle and nailed to the ridge board, typically 175mmx32mm (721/2 inch) mounted vertically. In other words, the roof must slope one-fourth of an inch for every 12 inches. Installation in warm weather is recommended as it helps to mold the shingles together. They are preferable when the structure is small, since putting them on a large house or a factory would turn them into a very costly affair. Nail an aluminum drip edge in place before shingling the sloped roof. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. A cold pitched roof is a type of roof that has insulation either between or under and between the rafters or at ceiling joist level. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM): Black surface that is good for melting snow and heat gain in cold climates. What kind of roofing should I use for a sloping roof? A stiff concrete mix is pumped into place, with workers advancing up the slope to vibrate and finish the concrete to the desired thickness. In all normal, practical and economical construction it is impossible to achieve a flat roof. Emily Medlock is a freelance writer, published author, and certified life coach. Shingles are sawed on both sides, have an even taper and uniform thickness. CONSTRUCTION AND TYPES OFSLOPED/PITCHED ROOFS. Here's the issue: The roof needs to be replaced, and in theory, this presents a good opportunity to add some insulation, and my roofer is offering to add several inches of polyiso insulation above the sheathing. Its main advantage over TPO comes from its ability to withstand a larger range of chemicals. How do you put a slope on a flat roof? It is also a four-sided gambrel roof, meaning it has a slope on all sides. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Slope to Drain. If your tape measures 4" the pitch formula is 4:12, which makes it a low-slope. Slate ages very well on residential roofs. Lapped, nonsoldered-seam metal roofs with applied lap sealant must have a minimum roof slope of 1/2:12 (4% slope). They canlast from 15 to 25 years, depending onweight and installation. How to Make a One storey House plan on a budget, Design a Mid-Century Modern Interior Style House on a Budget, it must bear weight when necessary (e.g. It can also be used to give a structure a historic outlook. This is not always the case with flat or low slope roofs. Sometimes called a gable roof, its two-slopes rest on walls of the same height forming a triangle. Each of them has its merit and demerits. Average Roof Costs For: Most Homeowners Spent Between: $4,190 - $5,740 (For a 1600 sq. Read More: GFRG Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum Panel Building. For those who have a flat roof and are concerned about leaking and rotting, building a sloped roof over the flat roof is an option. The tool elevates the legs of the ladder, keeping them at the same level. The minimum pitching or sloping degree for the roof is decided by the minimum slope necessary for excluding the roof covering and draining rainwater to the eaves or valley gutter. If the slope is lesser than that, then due to low speed of moving rainwater above the roof, the water will ultimately penetrate the layers and would fail to serve its purpose. A slope refers to the incline of a roof. A roofs pitch is meant for home construction, while slope measurements are for roofs. When collecting water and gaining access to the roof's components, a sloped roof is ideal. The roof shape may be a flat roof or a sloping roof.Pitched Roof House. lat tiles are available that imitate the appearance of expensive slate roofing. Let's find out! Manage Settings The two rectangular, equal sized panels come together at a ridge to form the gable roof. Split wood shakes are aesthetically pleasing and long lasting. Revit Roof Tip #7 - Use Shape Editing To Create Flat Roof Slope. Table of common roof slopes Installation is more difficult than a lean-to, but material choicesare increased. The ordinance restricts all wood roofs and does not differentiate between untreated or fire retardant. EPDM is also best in hail environments. "Nail it down" - install plywood or OSB using an IBHS-recommended nail fastener spacing and sheathing "Seal it up" - cover the roof decking with a fully adhered roof membrane or seal the seams with tape and cover with underlayment. Sloped roof homes are common in residential living areas across the US. Workers place the form sheathing4x8-foot sheets of polyisocyanurate insulation . On the other hand, they dont allow for substantial attic space anddont always encourage as much water run-off as agable. Bank of Baroda Lane, Kharadi, The most crucial component of any sloped green roof is the confinement system, which holds the growth medium in place during the roof's early stages of development. Metal roofs have the highest wind blow-off resistance, and are best suited for ice dams prevention - especially if your roof slope is below 6/12! Conical roofs aremostly used for buildings with circular contours andon frame houses. Differences Between Pitch Roofs And Sloped Roofs? Second, position the peak of the roof one-third of the way back from the front wall. Low slope roofing have slopes between a 2-4 rise run and steep slope roofing, on the other hand, have slopes between a 9-20+ rise run. Taper sawn shakes are sawn on both sides. residential low slope roofing can generally be divided up into two broad categories: larger flat roofed applications (low slope) such as residential condominium complexes, row homes, and town houses and smaller applications such as residential porch and garage transitions from the main home where the slope of the roof changes dramatically from Get accurate measurements of the area youre insulating. For more information, please click the links below. First, the metal must be cut down to pans no larger than 18 by 24 inches, so thermal expansion and contraction won't overstress the solder joints. (Steel sheets being used as a part of metal roofing). Some times ago, we have collected photos to give you smart ideas, we hope you can inspired with these newest galleries. The depth of the triangular frames at mid-span is decided by the strength and stability of this pitched roof. The wall plate timber section must be joined with a half-lap joint where they meet. plywood sheathing material across the top of and covering the rafters. A sloped roof isnt just a roof with a slope. The Piedmont Hills High School building structure by LPA is a science center that features a roof at a slight angle. It does not accumulate water, which slowly drains inthedirection of the slope, so the draining system provides reliable dryness to the construction. . Use prefabricated mono trusses for the easiest and best framing on a single-slope roof. A sloped roof system is a great way to prevent water from puddling on your roof. Atactic Polypropylene (APP) known as modified bitumen or mod bit for short, the material is asphalt. They are used since the time immemorial and were used by the early human settlements. Low-slope metal roofs require less material, which reduces the overall load on the building's structure. Clean the roof with a broom to remove any debris. Steep slope roofs are ideal for rainwater reuse and keep you house safe and warm during winters. Different types of roofing systems developed over a years but pitched roof systems still give one classic appearance to a building. A definite design advantage of the symmetrical pyramid hip roof is that it is striking from all angles. Most of these roofs are durable for 100 years if properly maintained, but one should not use it after 50 years, and after this period, safety and inspection should be made regarding the quality and the loads acting over it. Its an effective roof design as water can drain from a sloped roof easier than a flat roof. The. Ridge beams are great because they are one big piece of lumber. When it comes to the standard pitches, you are looking at somewhere between a 4/12-9/12 slope roofing. 6. Can a flat roof be sloped? When installing the roof it is necessary to refer to those who have experience of its installation. Cast concrete, in any form, gets stronger as it gets older and is usually offered with a lifetime warranty. If it's slightly pitched it can help with rain or snow management, and if it has a pitch of 5/12 you can still walk on it safely enough to attach roofing materials or solar panels. The minimum pitching or sloping degree for the roof is decided by the minimum slope necessary for excluding the roof covering and draining rainwater to the eaves or valley gutter. Although cheaper than plastic and rubber, it doesnt last long. In hot weather climates, you can choose white TPO which will help keep your home cool. They are commonly used in sheds, and homes designed in the modern style. Attach drip edge along the edge of the roof with roofing cement. Minimum metal roof . Slate is a fine grained rock obtained from sedimentary rock composed of volcanic ash and clay. Regular roof shingles on low slope roofs will leak when it rains. The building roofing system is responsible for around 25-35% loss of energy within a building. Position each rafter to both sides of the ridge beam starting at the center; securing each rafter in place using nails and a nail gun. In colder climates, without proper insulation, your home will lose heat. Located in Bogot, Colombia, the home is a marriage of country and modern design. 3. Sloped roofs are more stable and effective when dealing with heavy rain and snowfall because this roof design helps direct water away from the . are designed to work on a 4/12 roof or greater. It has end walls with a triangular extension at the top. How They Thrive The big advantage of pitched roofing is that it lasts longer. Original Sloping Roof Design Idea - Spectacular element of a modern chalet. You can significantly reduce the amount of energy that is required to keep your living space comfortable by adding air space. This makes thatched roofs perfectly suited to more rural locations, although it is just as attractive in towns and villages. Dome-shapes usually only cover part of the building. The minimum allowable slope for drainage is " per foot. 2022 Edge Roofing, Inc. . Also used in making up of churches, schools and similar kinds of structure etc. Tape seams in sheathing with 4-in.-wide compliant flashing tape and cover with compliant underlayment. Also, most commercial buildings have low sloped roofs. unless done in joint fewer roofs like RCC slabs. By Reader & Swartz Architects, the home takes the sloping roof to new levels. They are preferable when the structure is small, since putting them on a large house or a factory would turn them into a very costly affair. The pitched roof system is more popular in a country like the USA considering the availability of wood is abundant. Your email address will not be published. So considering the sloped roofs based on overall performance, Sloped roofs are suitable for smaller structures, since it would be expensive for large areas. Roofs made of either of these two materials can be fire proof, durable, and long lasting. This means your roof is less than 2 vertical units (inches or feet) up for every 12 horizontal units out. A skillion roof is made up of a single flat plane which slopes gradually from top to bottom. Itappears as a symetrical triangle. Its his feature that ensures your roof will last longer than one that isnt sloped. A flat roof is less expensive than a sloped one because it has fewer corners, which are more difficult to seal. The difference here is how the home feature two distinct roof styles. The natural ventilation under the top roof layer improves the thermal efficiency of the building. N-S and E-W) compared to the one pair of direction (e.g. ISO boards are also common as they provide extra insulation. In a pitched roof system, there is a deck or surface which has a gradual slope from the top of the roof or heap of the roof to cover all building structures. Less Water Run-Off. Flat/low slope systems,andthe productstypically installed with them have a shorter lifespan than Sloped/Pitched roofs-remaining in goodcondition for 10 to 20 years. Some asphalt shingles are made to look like wood shingles. Q. A gable roof has two sloping sides that connect a ridge. You will find such roofs with a combination of flat and sloping roof designs in residential areas. What is roof slope? Continue with Recommended Cookies. If a roof slope "rises", say, 4 inches when measured 12 inches along the bottom of a horizontal roof truss, the roof slope is said to be 4:12; i.e., 4 inches of rise per 12 inches (one foot) of run Measure the outline of the structure to be roofed with a tape measure or get dimensions from a house plan. See LOW SLOPE ROOFING 2. Gheorghe Titeica 202-204, 020305, Bucharest. For more information on slope notations, check out our article about calculating slope. Low-slope roofs are not totally flat, their roof slope generally ranges from 1/4:12 to 3:12. Saltbox roofs look like skillion roofs, but with an extra short slope opposite the long angled plane, like an upside-down check mark. Many people think they are similar, but this is a common misconception. Generally, it ensures the ladder is on a flat surface, preventing slipping. A sloped retrofit metal roof incrementally extends the life expectancy of the building, reducing roof maintenance costs. Many manufacturers meet Energy Star Requirements and certain product lines are eligible for tax credits. Steep slope roof materials cost more but they last longer. It is finest grained foliated metamorphic rock (composed of several minerals like quartz, feldspar, graphite etc). Different materials can be used to manufacture arched roofs. Slate roofing tile has a long and storied history, and is generally known as one of the highest quality, longest lasting roofing materials on the market. Long life span and are strong, can bear almost any weight. Common Roof Repairs & Preventive Maintenance, Manufacturer Approved Certifications & Services, The wood shingle or wood shake roofs exposure to overhanging trees or debris that may hold water on its surface, The roofs exposure to shade that may promote moss or lichens growth, Flashing material, installation quality, and details. Synthetic shingles are recycled plastic. what are the right materials for your wardrobe???? Pitched roof houses are 10 15% more compact compared to that flat roofs. Metal is lightweight and comes in an array of designs, shapes, and colors- including copper- achieving a myriad of architectural effects. Due to its usage in natural form, it is stronger than most of the other man made materials. The roof shape features four sloping sides. The normal spacing between rafters about is 400mm (16 inches), the closer spacing will allow small section rafters and batten, that are fixed to the rafters to locate/fix the slates or tiles, to be used. 1) Style2) Thermal insulation3) Energy savings4) Protection against environmental hazards5) Cost-effective additional space6) Rainwater reuse7) Sustainability, Pingback: Civiconcepts - Make Your House Perfect With us, Copyright [2019 - 2022] [Civiconcepts.com] | by [Bhushan Mahajan], 3040 House Plans | 1200 sq ft House Plan, Sloping Roof | Sloping Roof Detail | Sloping Roof Advantages, GFRG Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum Panel Building, Tremie Pipe A Underwater Concreting Method, How Long Should Concrete Cure Before Removing Forms, Methods Of Damp Proofing House Construction, Which Cement Is Best For House Construction, Difference Between Load-bearing Structure And Frame Structure, The Standard Room Size & Location In A House | Standard Size of Bedroom | Standard Room Dimensions | Standard Room Sizes In a House, What Is Flooring | 10 Types of Flooring | Best Flooring for House In India, Civiconcepts - Make Your House Perfect With us, Defects In Timber | Top Defects Of Timber | 5 Different Types of Defects In Timber | Foxiness In Timber, 15 Types of Drywall Anchors | Different Types Of Wall Anchors | Dry Wall Anchors Types | Best Types of Wall Anchors For Wall, Types Of Gutters | 22 Different Types of Gutters | Rain Gutter Downspout | Best Types of Rain Gutter For House, 12 Types of Rugs | Different Types of Rugs With Pictures | Best Types of Rug For Living Room | Best Rug For Bedroom, 15 Types of Mattresses | Different Types of Mattresses | Most Popular Mattress Types, 15 Types of Fans | Different Types of Fans For Home | Ceiling Fan Type | Best Fan Types & Their Uses, 10 Different Types of Stoves | Best Stoves Types | Top Different Kinds Of Stoves, 22 Types of Drill Bits | Drill Bit Types And Uses | Different Drill Bits Name | Best Drill Bits For Cutting Work, 40 Types Of Tables | Different Types of Tables | Best Types Of Table For Living Room | Different Kinds Of Tables, 10 Types of Shovels | Different Types of Shovels With Pictures | Best Shovels For Digging Work, 15 Different Types of Plywood | What Is Plywood and Their Types | 15 Best Types of Plywood for Furniture, 30 Types of Clamps and Their Uses | 30 Different Types Clamps and Uses | Best Clamps For Home Uses, 10 Concrete Finishes Types | 10 Best Types of Concrete Finishes | Different Concrete Finishes | Concrete Surface Finishes, 25 Types of Hammers | Different Types of Hammers and Their Uses | Top 25 Hammers Types, 10 Different Types of Ladders and Their Uses | Best Types of Ladders | Material Used For Ladders, 17 Types Of Contractors | What Is Contractor | 17 Different Types of Contractors | List of Contractors, 13 Types of Door Hinges | Types of Hinges Used For Door | Different Types Of Door Hinges | What Is A Butt Hinge, 21 Different Types of Couches For Home | Guide. Clerestory windows offer aesthetic appeal while surrounded by natural elements. The most common type of clay tiles include: (A typical clay tiled roof. Sloped Roof Maintenance Edmonton. This does depend, however, somewhat on the direction of the wind and the style of the slope. Asphalt Shingles are the most popular roofing material today. Most roof replacement specialists will tell you if your slope is off! Ladder Leveler It also offers protection from hail. Also, certain pitched tiles that are produced without using any chemical products, have no effect on water quality. Hip, hipped: A hipped roof is sloped in two pairs of directions (e.g. The shingles look like wood and slate but the only difference is that theyre cheaper. First, know what type of roof you want and can build. They are used when the budget is low. Clay is widely used because of its easy availability, and easy desired shape formation. Office No 2, Shri Mangal Pearl Society 2. As an open concept, it has a center wall connecting the other rooms. Never make any modifications like cutting timber parts, or removing or covering the roof changes (Concrete tiles replace slate tiles) without consulting a structural engineer. Slope specific to each of its type should be maintained strictly otherwise it would not behave as an ideal roof and may fail to serve its use. A slope refers to the inches a roof rises for every 12 inches in depth. Flat roofs require constant maintenance of their drainage systems in order to avoid leaking. Quick installation, light weight, reliability, and aesthetic completeness, are the advantages of vaulted roof systems. Read More: How To Draw A House Plan By Hand. What we are referring to today is a roof that has single slopes and dont meet at the top. The pitched roof provides higher thermal insulation by simply limiting the size of the surface exposed to the exterior. Each rafter has a small triangular section (referred to as bird mouth joints) cut out of them to allow them to fit neatly over the wall plate. To ensure longer life, almost all metal roof products are . Forming for the roof begins with post or scaffold-type shoring, erected to support wood joists and stringers like those used in conventional sus-pended-slab construction. This is the ultimate tool when setting a ladder on a sloped roof. The benefits of a sloping roof are worth the expense. As we increase space between rafters, it requires the thicker the rafter and lath timbers need to be. Since metal is easily available and because of its high strength, metal is used more commonly nowadays. But, nowadays they are even being used by the People with high budgets since it gives the house more vintage and rustic looks. The roof provides shelter against various atmospheric conditions like heat, rain, snow, etc. You can install extra felt layers on the roof surface and apply more roofing cement to protect your home. The roof shape may be a flat roof or a sloping roof. Tile is thermally efficient, a good insulator, andit can last forcenturies when baked at a sufficiently high temperature. Suitable for rural areas. A gable roof is what you will find on barns. Composition Shingles are made of carrier sheets that arecoated with asphalt and granulated and are madein awide array of colors. A slope refers to the inches a roof rises for every 12 inches in depth. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Highly reflective, can reduce . 4 Flat Or Low Slope Roofing Challenges . Some sources consider low slope to include 3 / 12 pitch roofs. A roof slope allows rain and snow to slide off. The purlins run at right angles to the rafters, the associated struts are positioned under every fourth (or so) rafter to attach to a joist above a supporting wall below. Regular inspections and maintenance will enable it to last for a few decades the. 40 year warranty, and many last foryears longer last forcenturies when baked at a sufficient distance other. Minimum allowable slope for drainage is & quot ; does this diagram look like a good approach? & ;! Can sloped roof construction # x27 ; t pool on the roof that has a slope refers to a roofs incline its! Alternative roofing materials counterpart such as ceramic tiles shape may be a unique identifier in! Waterproofing a flat roof is labor intensive as compared to that flat roofs thin. To 30 degrees, to the naked eye from corrosion slopes on either side and can be roofing. 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