A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his . Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. That's evidence. IV, p. 514. Most urgently, he taught them to reject the spirit of alienation, which he saw as the greatest danger to any peoples liberation and elevation. The Belgian horse team, plus the faithful dog, _____ a fine addition to the parade. This counterclaim both disagrees with the claim and disproves it with on-topic reasoning. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? It means uplifting the soul of man into the glorious light of truth, the light by which men can only be made free.[53]. Why, then, did Douglass speak as harshly as he did? If you've ever watched a detective show, then you know evidence. If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. The propensity of the latter, he warned, was to foster an enervating spirit of alienationa perpetual longing for some mighty revolution, diverting and dissipating the energies of those who harbored it.[59]. Covey as an event that "revived within me a sense of my own manhood". Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. The persistence of Douglasss hopeful, energetic activism during that very difficult decade deserves further comment. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Above all, the Constitution must be interpreted in light of its commitment to secure the blessings of liberty for all. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? While this quote is from a credible source (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics), it merely restates the claim and reasoning, rather than providing actual evidence to support it. The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" [44] Douglass, We Are Not Yet Quite Free, August 3, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Visiting Scholar, 2016-17 Visiting Fellow in American Political Thought, Frederick Douglasss America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the Founding, Presidents Day Reflections on George Washingtons American Character, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm, http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. 217, 219. work!!! IV, p. 319. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. All rights reserved. It was just what I wanted, and. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. The following sentence frames helped out my students considerably: First Contrasting Transition +Name the Opposition +Strong Verb + Opposing Point of View +Evidence + Analysis + Second Contrasting Transition + Reference the Opposing Point of View + Turn, However, But, Admittedly, Although, Alternatively, Strong Verbs + Denial/Assertion or Assertion, Denial:reject, oppose, disagree, question, doubt thisview andAssertion:argue that, reason that, claim that, support, conclude that. I, p. 311. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. In paragraph 5, what does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his He had finally conquered his fear of water. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. He is set free, in an educational sense. 364365. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. [11] Douglass, Speech at the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 11, 1847, in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, Vol. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. III, p. 418. For example, this argument misses the key point that. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. Douglass labored throughout his postwar career to preserve and propagate this enlarged, moralized understanding among a war-weary loyalist population longing for reunion and a stable peace. Every year adds to his wealth and to his intelligence. First, Douglasss focus on education indicates that in his view, the public (federal or state) role in repairing the wrongs in question must be instrumental rather than providential. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? So far as it filled the country with a deeper abhorrence of slavery and a deeper love for the great liberator, the murder of Lincoln, he hoped, would arouse in the war-weary nation the spirit to continue and complete Lincolns workand Douglasss ownin the postwar years.[29]. They are struggling with the counterclaim (counterargument) and refutation (rebuttal) as these are new Standards for seventh graders. He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then. [38] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Frederick. 29 plumtrees road newtown, ct; popular subdivision names; how to cite the implicit association test It means light and liberty. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? Want this question answered? [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. Learn what a claim and counterclaim is in argumentative texts, and study examples of the components of an argument. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. The controversy of racism scorches Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass written by Frederick Douglass himself. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The position of Douglass and constitutional radicals, by contrast, was that the Constitution was in the strict sense abolitionist. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. Writing Revision: How to Fix Mistakes in Your Writing, AEPA English Language Arts (NT301): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Middle Grades English Language Arts (NT201): Practice & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Common Core ELA Grade 7 - Speaking & Listening: Standards, Create an account to start this course today. Why is Douglass surprised by New Bedford in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? Douglass also describes the way it corroded his soul to not know his birth date, to be told he couldn't learn to read after the wife of his Baltimore owner started to teach him, and to realize that slavery was a condition he would never grow out of. A claim of policy is an argument in support of, in opposition or, or for the alteration of an existing policy, law, or mandate. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. One of the key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. [12] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Less than 20 inmates were executed in the United States in 2020. [4] Thurgood Marshall, Speech at the Annual Seminar of the San Francisco Patent and Trademark Law Association, May 6, 1987, at http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm (November 8, 2010). When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. Scarcely less important than suffrage as a guarantor of personal security were property rights. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. You really want a new cell phone, after all. Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. Although, Douglass is able to be direct our thoughts to these experiences in such a light, you feel as if you are witnessing it happen right before you. In addition to using Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles:Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?,Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, andWhat is the Essay Counterclaim? I have had but one answer from the beginning. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. In the postwar decades, Douglasss initially bright hopes for rapid, lasting reforms faded as the nations governing majority, weary of conflict, flagged in its commitment to enforcing the civil and political rights of the freedpeople in the ex-rebel states. Hannover Turismo Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. He introduces this idea after his beginning steps in becoming educated and later reinforces it by providing extensive examples of his experience with; slave-masters, learning the alphabet, reading and writing, and the exposition of individual opinions in literature. Fredrick Douglas Flashcards | Quizlet For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. Argumentative Writing Overview & Facts | How to Write A Claim & Counterclaim, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Commas, Concluding Statements: Supporting Your Argument, How to Establish and Maintain a Formal Writing Style, How to Analyze an Argument's Effectiveness & Validity, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Verb Tense and Subject-Verb Agreement, Writing for An Audience: How to Structure Your Argument, How to Structure an Argument in Your Essay, Providing Effective Feedback on Writing Samples, Claim Statements in Arguments | Strong & Weak Reasons, Evidence, & Examples, How to Add, Subtract and Multiply Complex Numbers, Supporting Claims with Evidence & Reasoning | How to Write a Claim Statement, Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis, The Importance of Using Precise Language in Writing. In the Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass, we are exposed to the iniquity of slavery and the dehumanization of the black race, which then led Frederick Douglass to recognize that literacy and education would aid him in his flight to freedom. It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Writing Arguments: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1, How to Support Your Claims in Writing With Reasoning and Evidence, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Counterclaim - Argumentative Essay - Kennett Middle School Library how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com Pick the best evidence to support the opposing point of view. Douglass debunks the mythology of slavery in his narrative by rebuking the romantic image of slavery with very disturbing imagery, promotes his own views on the intellectual belief of slaves, and exposes the system for promoting the disloyalty among slaves. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). She has an M.A. He returned also a more confident and independent thinker, and in late 1847, against Garrisons advice, he launched his own newspaper, originally titled The North Star. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. I feel like its a lifeline. Fair play meant at minimum that the nation must reject the alternatives of (1) re-enslavement, this time of the entire black American population; (2) colonization or expatriation; (3) persisting subordination of blacks as a degraded caste; and (4) outright extermination. 1. I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. These will speak for him. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 9 chapters | In Stevenss plan, lands belonging to the former Confederate states and their soldiers would be deemed forfeited and then distributed in parcels of 40 acres as homesteads to the freedpeople. [7] At the heart of all that he learned and taught were these simple propositions: A formidable thinker as well as an activist and a polemicist, Frederick Douglass produced the most powerful argument for the affirmation of those principles in the history of AfricanAmerican political thought. 59 lessons. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. II, pp. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. For Douglasss ultimately irrepressible faith in America was not at all a natural inheritance or an easy acquisition. To the contrary, among such commentators there appears to be a growing consensus that, despite its important victories, the civil rights movement must be judged as on the whole a failure. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. H e engages in a fight with his master. [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. Children would be separated from their mothers before they were twelve months in age-Frederick too was separated from his mother. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - piyusharora.com Frederick Douglass Project: Claims of Our Common Cause | RBSCP It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Whom was he trying to reach? Supporters of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 believed that. Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. Explain. V, pp. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Viewing it amid the grand course of human events, Douglass saw in the Civil War an event of epochal moral significance. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). He includes personal accounts he received while under the control of multiple different masters. Doubts arose as to whether so skilled an orator could ever have been a slave, and Douglass responded by writing his first autobiography. The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? IV, p. 253. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. V, p. 624. [21], Douglass believed that slavery was doomed, first and foremost, because he believed that the law of nature as epitomized in the Declaration was, at some deep level, not only true but known or felt to be true by all concerned in the conflict over slavery. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. One is that slavery was an institution that corrupted whites and robbed (or attempted to rob) blacks of their humanity. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice.