(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4351276/), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information. Zemmiphobia is the Fear Of The Great Mole Rat, Anglophobia is the Fear/dislike Of England Or English Culture, Pluviophobia is the Fear Of Rain Or Of Being Rained On. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2020 during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables when appropriate. The focus is on medical practice in the United States, but these guidelines are relevant to patients throughout the world. Catagelophobia or katagelophobia is the fear of being ridiculed. Gymnophobia is a fear (phobia) of nudity. It is a very rare phobia which is often the symptom of hyperacusis. Extreme fear or anxiety that makes you avoid seeing a doctor or getting medical tests, even when you feel unwell. Evaluation Algorithm for Patients With Suspected ACS at Intermediate Risk With Known CAD Test choice should be guided by local availability and expertise. Other Name(s): Belonephobia Or Enetophobia. Other Name(s): Sciaphobia.Sciophobia, or sciaphobia, is the fear of shadows. CDPs that are based on cTn results have proven valid and useful in clinical practice.1-14 Use of unstructured assessment for clinical decision-making often leads to both under- and over-testing. Caligynephobia is the Fear Of Beautiful Women. To ensure the timely delivery of appropriate care, especially reperfusion therapy, it is strongly recommended that patients with acute chest pain be transported to the ED by trained EMS personnel.2,3 EMS transportation is associated with substantial reductions in ischemic time and treatment delays. Athazagoraphobia: It is an exaggerated and intense fear of being forgotten, ignored or replaced. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia, under the subtype animal phobias. Also known as cremophobia, eremophobia, isolophobia or monophobia, the person suffering from this phobia may experience anxiety and will always worry about being ignored or unloved. Guidelines are official policy of the ACC and AHA. Ablutophobia: It is a persistent and irrational fear of bathing, washing, or cleaning. This guideline focuses on elective and urgent cardiac testing and, in both circumstances, imaging using ionizing radiation during pregnancy or postpartum while breast feeding should generally be avoided. The person having the phobia may get extremely annoyed or embarrassed to pull out the stuck butter from the upper part of the mouth, especially in a crowded or public place. Coronary function testing may assist in management of the underlying condition, in addition to providing prognostic information.6-8. Although it was intended to indicate angina without typical chest symptoms, it is more often used to state that the symptom is noncardiac in origin. Bibliophobia is the fear or hatred of books. The phobia and related stressors may cause this spike in blood pressure. Children may develop a fear of doctors because they associate the doctors office with getting shots for vaccinations. These fears can build over time and lead to a general fear of open spaces, or agoraphobia. Nonemergency causes of chest pain, such as costochondritis and other musculoskeletal, or gastrointestinal causes, are discussed in Section 4.3. Pros & Cons of Online Mental Health Therapy. Wikipedia has more on Decidophobia Decidophobia is a fear of making decisions. In some cases, there is clearly minimal risk of a serious medical condition although, in others, uncertainty may remain. Pneumatiphobia: People who are considered to bear the fear of spirits, i.e. Dyspnea followed by chest pain, classically pleuritic, is the most common presenting symptom.1 Signs of deep venous thrombosis may be present on examination.5, CTA using PE protocol is the diagnostic modality of choice in stable patients; ventilation-perfusion scanning is a second-line alternative in the acute setting.3,4 Use of clinical prediction rules to select patients for imaging can decrease radiation exposure and cost.8 Troponin (and brain natriuretic peptide) can be elevated, and echocardiography may reveal acute right ventricular strain consequent to large PEs; troponin and brain natriuretic peptide are both markers for higher mortality rate.2, Recognition of PE is important because prompt anticoagulation improves outcomes.2 Clinical assessment combined with pretest risk stratification can help select patients appropriate for diagnostic imaging. Similarly, stress imaging is reasonable to detect myocardial ischemia and can help guide further management and treatment of ischemic burden.15-24. Opiophobia is the Fear of Medical Doctors to Prescribe Needed Pain Medications For Patients, Other Name(s): Uranophobia. Patients with acute or stable chest pain who are at intermediate risk or intermediate to high pre-test risk of obstructive coronary artery disease, respectively, will benefit the most from cardiac imaging and testing. The sufferers usually doubt their ability to write well and experience extreme fear that they may fail in their writing skills. This phobia is considered independent from the fear of cars, as even crossing a deserted intersection still initiates the fear reaction. Other Name(s): Nosemaphobia. Look for a doctor who dresses more casually and is willing to spend the time you need to make it through the appointment. The term has a number of specific usages. Take-Home Messages for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain. Although GDMT exists for obstructive CAD, there are no current guidelines that are specific to nonobstructive CAD. Heres the list of phobias that anyone can experience in life. These patients may be placed in an inpatient bed or managed in a dedicated observation unit using a chest pain protocol. Geumaphobia: It is an overwhelming and unusual fear of taste; also known as geumophobia or geumatophobia. According to survey data published in 2005, agoraphobia can have mild to severe impacts on a persons life. The Joint Committee strives to ensure that the guideline writing committee contains requisite content expertise and is representative of the broader cardiovascular community by selection of experts across a spectrum of backgrounds, representing different geographic regions, sexes, races, ethnicities, intellectual perspectives/biases, and clinical practice settings. Someone with IAD may be afraid that their doctor will diagnose them with an illness or incurable disease. While roller coasters are a popular theme park attraction, certain people feel nauseated, afraid, dizzy,Read More, Kinemortophobia is the The Fear Of Zombies Being Afraid That Zombies Attack And Turn You Into Them. The term was coined by WilliamRead More. Sufferers usually worry about being seen nude or seeing others nude, or both. Hemophobia: It is an intense and morbid fear of blood. You can contact your local senior citizen center, nursing home or church to see who might like to have someone to talk to. Heliophobia is the fear of the sun, sunlight, or any bright light. The person suffering from this phobia gets terrified by the sight of a chicken or becomes scared even when people utter the word chicken. These include antidepressants and benzodiazepines. First coined as the fear or loathing of teenagers, today the phenomenon is recognized as the inaccurate, exaggerated and sensational characterization of young people in a range of settings around the world. Tomophobia (fear of medical procedures like surgeries). An ECG may identify other nonischemic causes of chest pain (eg, pericarditis, myocarditis, arrhythmia, electrolyte abnormalities, paced rhythm, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, congenital long QT, or normal variant). Trypophobia is an aversion to the sight of irregular patterns or clusters of small holes or bumps. For the symptomatic patients with negative stress test findings, selective use of CCTA or invasive coronary angiography can help detect obstructive CAD and atherosclerotic plaque and reduce diagnostic certainty. Imaging of obese patients, especially those with morbid obesity (body mass index >40), can be challenging and requires careful consideration of available equipment. Other Name(s): Basiphobia. Photophobia: People who are excessively sensitive to light and are averse to sunlight or well-lit places are known to have this phobia. Coimetrophobia: It is an intense and morbid fear of cemeteries. [Lastname]: I would like to formally request a two-month leave of absence for personal reasons. Iatrophobia causes you to fear doctors or medical tests. Phobophobia : The fear of developing a phobia. Hodophobia should not to be confused with travel aversion. Ideophobia: Its an overwhelming and abnormal fear of new and different ideas/thoughts. Ailurophobia: It is an abnormal fear of cats. Catapedaphobia is the fear of jumping from high and low places. Social Anxiety Disorder formerly known as social phobia is commonly treated by either psychotherapy or certain types of psychiatric medications. Chest pain or chest pain equivalent will be referred to in these guidelines as chest pain. Patients presenting to the ED with nontraumatic chest pain are a frequent diagnostic challenge.1 The priorities are: 1) rapid initiation of optimal management in patients with life-threatening conditions such as ACS, aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as nonvascular syndromes (eg, esophageal rupture, tension pneumothorax); and 2) deliberate therapy for those with less critical illness. The phobia is also termed as thanatophobia and thantophobia. Hedonophobia is an excessive fear or aversion to obtaining pleasure. PET measurement of peak myocardial blood flow and MBFR, when reduced, reflects abnormalities of flow within the epicardial coronary arteries and microvasculature and independently predicts risk of major CAD events.5-7,17 PET measurement of MBFR improves risk stratification, including for patients with nonobstructive CAD, especially women, for whom coronary microvascular dysfunction is suspected.18, CMR has been used to evaluate MBFR. Cocaine and methamphetamine use can be considered in young patients presenting with chest pain and evidence of ACS; the frequency of ACS is <10% among cocaine and methamphetamine users in most studies, and death is rare.1-4 A persons urine typically tests positive for cocaine or methamphetamine within 1 to 4 hours of consuming the drug and will continue to test positive for 2 to 4 days. Octophobia: Its an uncommon and unusual fear of the figure 8. Despite individual variability, the discomfort induced by myocardial ischemia is often characteristic and therefore central to the diagnosis. By continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Cynophobia is the fear of dogs and canines in general. Comprehensive disclosure information for the Joint Committee is also available online. Derived from a nationally representative sample from the National Hospital Ambulatory Health Care Survey reflecting an estimated 78 million ED visits in the United States over a 10-year period, these findings have been unchanged over time.5 Such disparity in the management of chest pain among diverse population subgroups contributes to worse outcomes, including the greater incidence of AMI and fatal coronary events seen in these key population subgroups.6,7 There are also disparities in the management of patients of South Asian descent who present with ACS, with the diagnosis often missed or delayed, resulting in poor outcomes.8-11 Consideration of race and ethnicity in the evaluation of patients with suspected ACS and in the outpatient evaluation of symptomatic patients is paramount to improving outcomes. The additional testing needed for intermediate-risk patients often requires more time than is appropriate for an ED visit and is often performed under observation outpatient status. Lilapsophobia: It is an abnormal and persistent fear associated with tornadoes and hurricanes. Here are a few ways of overcoming phobias. These factors have also raised consideration of mechanisms for noncardiac chest pain such as central nervous system-visceral interactions, low pain thresholds, hyperbody vigilance, sympathetic activation, as well as anxiety, depression, and panic disorder.6,7,9,14,23-30 It has been reported that these patients undergo extensive and repetitive cardiac testing and have low referral to cognitive-behavioral therapists, suggesting a lost opportunity for pharmacologic or cognitive-behavioral therapy.6. American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. 2) The darker green and orange-shaded regions denote the groups in which noninvasive testing is most beneficial (pretest probability >15%). What is Xenogender? Tocophobiais an intense anxi- ety or fear of pregnancy and childbirth, with some women avoiding pregnancy and child- birth altogether, Nyctohylophobia is the Fear Of Dark Wooded Areas Or Of Forests At Night. Samhainophobia: It is the dread of pranks played by young people before the eve of All Saints Day and those who suffer from it are known to bear the fear of Halloween, termed as samhainophobia.Satanophobia: Those who suffer from an abnormal fear of Satan are known to bear satanophobia.Scabiophobia: People who have an irrational fear of scabies, a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite, are known to suffer from scabiophobia.Scelerophibia: There is probably no person on earth who would not be a victim of this phobia, i.e. However, many people with agoraphobia may still feel dreadful at the thought of being in that situation. Speech is the action of speaking out loud and anxiety is the feeling of worry, tension or concern that manifests whenRead More, Cherophobia is the Fear Of Happiness. Since 2008, this phenomenon has attracted attention from scholars in psychology, sociology, and psychiatry, and has been studied intensively. Although most patients will not have a cardiac cause, the evaluation of all patients should focus on the early identification or exclusion of life-threatening causes. swine flu phobia. Ephebiphobia is the fear of youth. The incidence of PE is estimated at 65 cases per 100000, but some cases are asymptomatic and others undiagnosed.5,6 One-third of deaths are sudden, and 60% are undiagnosed before death.7 Risk factors for PE are the same for venous thromboembolism and include inherited hypercoagulable states and acquired risk factors (recent surgery, trauma, immobilization, malignancy, smoking, obesity, oral contraception). Agoraphobia is most often diagnosed in young adulthood and usually before the age of 35. Gender differences in presentation and diagnosis of chest pain in primary care. Phobia word comes from the Greek word Phobos, meaning fear or dread. Siderodromophobia is the fear of trains or railways. organization. Here is a list of all phobias and their meanings, which will help you to get familiarized with the terminologies related to various phobias, and at the same time, will increase your knowledge about them. Cardiophobia is the Fear Of The Heart. Structured Risk Assessment Should Be Used. It may be considered a form of social phobia or performance anxiety. Cost should also be considered, when known by the ordering clinician and there is equipoise between available modalities.2 The exercise ECG is the lowest cost procedure used in the diagnostic evaluation when compared with stress imaging or anatomic procedures, with the exception of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring (Figure 6). It causes so much unnecessary suffering, says Kirsten Cantley, holistic psychotherapist. Proctophobia: Rectum is the terminal section of the alimentary canal and fear of rectums is termed as proctophobia; also known as rectophobia. Appendix 1. Emphasis is more constructively placed on specific aspects of symptoms that suggest their origin in terms of probable ischemia. They play a role in everything from our survival to connecting with others. The phobia is also known as hyalophobia and necrophobia. The more you write, the more youll understand your anxiety and yourself. This may not lead to a person fearing their emotions immediately, but it could begin to shape a persons beliefs on feelings and emotional expression. The term comes from the Greek: , lgos, pain and , phbos, fear. Kolpophobia is the fear of genitals, particularly female. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029, Circulation is available at www.ahajournals.org/journal/circ. 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