. (7) Proper disposition and correction of security deficiencies in all approved ADP Systems, and the effective use and disposition of system housekeeping or audit records, records of security violations or security-related system malfunctions, and records of tests of the security features of an ADP System. There are two types of covert channels: storage channels and timing channels. This section presents the results of the developed plastic-bag contamination detection system subjected to software evaluation and hardware evaluation. The TCB shall, by default, mark the top and bottom of each page of human-readable, paged, hardcopy output (e.g., line printer output) with human-readable sensitivity labels that properly* represent the overall sensitivity of the output or that properly* represent the sensitivity of the information on the page. A team of individuals who thoroughly understand the specific implementation of the TCB shall subject its design documentation, source code, and object code to thorough analysis and testing. . These subjects and objects shall be assigned sensitivity labels that are a combination of hierarchical classification levels and non-hierarchical categories, and the labels shall be used as the basis for mandatory access control decisions. APPENDIX B Summary of Evaluation Criteria Divisions The divisions of systems recognized under the trusted computer system evaluation criteria are as follows. The covert channel problem has been addressed by a number of authors. ADD: The TCB shall be found relatively resistant to penetration. The prioritized list is used to direct the actual testing of the system. 4 p. 2] OMB Circular No. . The criteria, as described in Part I, represent the culmination of these efforts and describe basic requirements for building trusted computer systems. Their objectives shall be: to uncover all design and implementation flaws that would permit a subject external to the TCB to read, change, or delete data normally denied under the mandatory or discretionary security policy enforced by the TCB; as well as to assure that no subject (without authorization to do so) is able to cause the TCB to enter a state such that it is unable to respond to communications initiated by other users. B1: NEW: The ADP system administrator shall be able to specify the printable label names associated with exported sensitivity labels. ____________________________ 15 August 1983 Melville H. Klein Director DoD Computer Security Center ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special recognition is extended to Sheila L. Brand, DoD Computer Security Center (DoDCSC), who integrated theory, policy, and practice into and directed the production of this document. The audit trail for an ADP system approved to process classified information must be based on the above three areas and may be stylized to the particular system. .69 7.1 Established Federal Policies. The accountability objective includes three requirements:[4], The computer system must contain hardware/software mechanisms that can be independently evaluated to provide sufficient assurance that the system enforces the above requirements. Class (B1): Labeled Security Protection Class (B1) systems require all the features required for class (C2). 4.1.3.2 Life-Cycle Assurance 4.1.3.2.1 Security Testing The security mechanisms of the ADP system shall be tested and found to work as claimed in the system documentation. 5.3.1.2 Discretionary Security Policy Discretionary security is the principal type of access control available in computer systems today. This documentation shall also present the results of the covert channel analysis and the tradeoffs involved in restricting the channels. This makes computer evaluation a complex process. Features in hardware, such as segmentation, shall be used to support logically distinct storage objects with separate attributes (namely: readable, writeable). System audit definition. Ware, W. H., ed., Security Controls for Computer Systems: Report of Defense Science Board Task Force on Computer Security, AD # A076617/0, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., February 1970, reissued October 1979. The TCB shall mark the beginning and end of all human-readable, paged, hardcopy output (e.g., line printer output) with human-readable sensitivity labels that properly* represent the sensitivity of the output. * An FTLS must be produced that includes abstract definitions of the functions the TCB performs and of the hardware and/or firmware mechanisms that are used to support separate execution domains. I have been surfing online more than 3 hours lately, but I never discovered any fascinating article like yours. It is divided into six sections. A CONVINCING ARGUMENT SHALL BE GIVEN THAT THE DTLS IS CONSISTENT WITH THE MODEL. Once information is unalterably and accurately marked, comparisons required by the mandatory access control rules can be accurately and consistently made. 30. Details Select delivery location In stock. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . THE TCB MODULES SHALL BE DESIGNED SUCH THAT THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST PRIVILEGE IS ENFORCED. This control objective is supported by the following citations: DoD Directive 5200.28 (VI.A.1) states: "Each user's identity shall be positively established, and his access to the system, and his activity in the system (including material accessed and actions taken) controlled and open to scrutiny. 120 lessons, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | For each recorded event, the audit record shall identify: date and time of the event, user, type of event, and success or failure of the event. These labels shall be used as the basis for mandatory access control decisions. This can be compared to fuel consumption in cars. The following are minimal requirements for systems assigned a class (C2) rating: 2.2.1 SECURITY POLICY 2.2.1.1 Discretionary Access Control The TCB shall define and control access between named users and named objects (e.g., files and programs) in the ADP system. . Significant system engineering shall be directed toward minimizing the complexity of the TCB and excluding from the TCB modules that are not protection-critical. Exportation of Labeled Information C1: NR. [12], Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria, Matching classes to environmental requirements. A preliminary product evaluation allows the Center to consult with computer vendors on computer security issues found in products that have not yet been formally announced. Summative evaluations are exclusively executed to observe the quality of past performance (ex-post). Specific examples are: CPU time; terminal connect time; amount of directly-addressable memory; disk space; number of I/O requests per minute, etc. Ruthberg, Z. and McKenzie, R., eds. The user interface to the TCB shall be completely defined and all elements of the TCB identified. The evaluation team writes a two-part final report on their findings about the system. The TCB shall protect authentication data so that it cannot be accessed by any unauthorized user. B2: NAR. "[9] DoD Manual 5220.22-M (Section XIII 103a) requires: "the initial approval, in writing, of the cognizant security office prior to processing any classified information in an ADP system. What are the Main Characteristics of Computer, 10 Uses of Computer in Different Fields With Pictures, 10 Uses of Multimedia in Different Fields, Characteristics of Fourth Generations of Computer, Characteristics and Features of Fifth Generation Computer, Characteristics and Features of Third Generation Computer, How Do Computers Works at the Most Basic Level, 5 Functions of Control Unit in Computer System, 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of First Generation Computer, 12+ Characteristics of Fourth Generations of Computer, Advantages and Disadvantages of Fifth Generations of Computer. Each division represents a major improvement in the overall confidence one can place in the system for the protection of sensitive information. The contractor's SPP documentation must identify and describe those applicable: 1. Security Features User's Guide C1: NEW: A single summary, chapter, or manual in user documentation shall describe the protection mechanisms provided by the TCB, guidelines on their use, and how they interact with one another. 3.1.4 DOCUMENTATION 3.1.4.1 Security Features User's Guide A single summary, chapter, or manual in user documentation shall describe the protection mechanisms provided by the TCB, guidelines on their use, and how they interact with one another. Some formal modeling techniques include: state transition models, temporal logic models, denotational semantics models, algebraic specification models. Features in hardware, such as segmentation, shall be used to support logically distinct storage objects with separate attributes (namely: readable, writeable). ____________________________________________________________________ * The hierarchical classification component in human-readable sensitivity labels shall be equal to the greatest hierarchical classification of any of the information in the output that the labels refer to; the non-hierarchical category component shall include all of the non-hierarchical categories of the information in the output the labels refer to, but no other non-hierarchical categories. The goal in system performance evaluation is to provide the highest performance at the lowest cost. 2022. [1] In that report, the concept of "a reference monitor which enforces the authorized access relationships between subjects and objects of a system" was introduced. ASSURANCE MUST BE PROVIDED THAT CORRECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF THE POLICY EXISTS THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEM'S LIFE-CYCLE. This data shall be used by the TCB to authenticate the user's identity and to determine the security level and authorizations of subjects that may be created to act on behalf of the individual user. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject. ALL AUDITABLE EVENTS THAT MAY BE USED IN THE EXPLOITATION OF KNOWN COVERT STORAGE CHANNELS SHALL BE IDENTIFIED. DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 3, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 4, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 5, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 9, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 12, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 20, DOD 5200.28-STD "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", 1985, page 44, "Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria, "Department of Defense INSTRUCTION - Cybersecurity", https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/r380_19.pdf, National Security Institute - 5200.28-STD, FAS IRP DOD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria DOD 5200.28, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trusted_Computer_System_Evaluation_Criteria&oldid=1102387762, Articles needing additional references from July 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Security Features User's Guide, Trusted Facility Manual, Test Documentation, and Design Documentation. One of the products of the second workshop was a definitive paper on the problems related to providing criteria for the evaluation of technical computer security effectiveness. Therefore, most of your evaluation will be on the quality of the code you produce and its correctness. For example, if an information system fails to retrieve records that match a set of keywords, or if an air-missile tracking system fails to distinguish between a friendly and enemy missile, a functional failure has occurred. A TERMINAL USER SHALL BE ABLE TO QUERY THE TCB AS DESIRED FOR A DISPLAY OF THE SUBJECT'S COMPLETE SENSITIVITY LABEL. The DoD Computer Security Center (the Center) was formed in January 1981 to staff and expand on the work started by the DoD Computer Security Initiative. The purpose of this section is to describe, in some detail, the fundamental control objectives that lay the foundations for requirements delineated in the criteria. As discussed in Section 5.3, the evaluation criteria uniformly require a statement of the security policy that is enforced by each trusted computer system. Furthermore, to assure accountability the capability must exist for an authorized and competent agent to access and evaluate accountability information by a secure means, within a reasonable amount of time, and without undue difficulty." B1: NR. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Domain - The set of objects that a subject has the ability to access. For events that introduce an object into a user's address space and for object deletion events the audit record shall include the name of the object and the object's security level. The specific TCB protection mechanisms shall be identified and an explanation given to show that they satisfy the model. Figure 1 provides a pictorial summary of the evolution of requirements through the classes. 11. Note that the latter transcends DoD as such, since it applies not only to any contractors handling classified information for any DoD component, but also to the contractors of eighteen other Federal organizations for whom the Secretary of Defense is authorized to act in rendering industrial security services. . Keep writing. The interested reader is referred to reference [32] which analyzes the need for trusted systems in the civilian agencies of the Federal government, as well as in state and local governments and in the private sector. Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) is a United States Government Department of Defense (DoD) standard that sets basic requirements for assessing the effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. . . The interfaces between the TCB modules shall be described. Non-security functions that can be performed in the security administration role shall be limited strictly to those essential to performing the security role effectively. The TCB shall be able to audit the identified events that may be used in the exploitation of covert storage channels. A security administrator is supported, audit mechanisms are expanded to signal security- relevant events, and system recovery procedures are required. Standards, or points of reference, are used against the parameters, and an assessment is given. Also implied is the requirement that the system control the flow of information so that data cannot be stored with lower sensitivity designations unless its "downgrading" has been authorized. 21. An operating system exploits the hardware resources of one or more processors to provide a set of services to system users and also manages secondary memory and Input/Output devices on the behalf of its users. Informal techniques may be used to identify covert timing channels. 3.1.2.2 Audit The TCB shall be able to create, maintain, and protect from modification or unauthorized access or destruction an audit trail of accesses to the objects it protects. Tm kim evaluation of computer system performance , evaluation of computer system performance ti 123doc - Th vin trc tuyn hng u Vit Nam. Documentation shall describe how the TCB implements the reference monitor concept and give an explanation why it is tamperproof, cannot be bypassed, and is correctly implemented. "[11] 7.4 Criteria Control Objective for Accountability The control objective for accountability is: "Systems that are used to process or handle classified or other sensitive information must assure individual accountability whenever either a mandatory or discretionary security policy is invoked. There shall be no fewer than thirty hands-on hours per team member spent carrying out system developer-defined tests and test team-defined tests. "[8, sec. THAT IS, THEY MUST INCLUDE A CONSISTENT SET OF RULES FOR CONTROLLING AND LIMITING ACCESS BASED ON IDENTIFIED INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN DETERMINED TO HAVE A NEED-TO-KNOW FOR THE INFORMATION. THE TCB SHALL MAINTAIN AND BE ABLE TO AUDIT ANY CHANGE IN THE CURRENT SECURITY LEVEL ASSOCIATED WITH A SINGLE-LEVEL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL OR I/O DEVICE. For events that introduce an object into a user's address space and for object deletion events the audit record shall include the name of the object AND THE OBJECT'S SECURITY LEVEL. . The first requirement is for individual user identification. In addition, discretionary security controls are required to ensure that only selected users or groups of users may obtain access to data (e.g., based on a need-to-know). Approval/Accreditation - The official authorization that is granted to an ADP system to process sensitive information in its operational environment, based upon comprehensive security evaluation of the system's hardware, firmware, and software security design, configuration, and implementation and of the other system procedural, administrative, physical, TEMPEST, personnel, and communications security controls. Please use the following to spread the word: APA All Acronyms. THE RESULTS OF THE MAPPING BETWEEN THE FORMAL TOP-LEVEL SPECIFICATION AND THE TCB SOURCE CODE SHALL BE GIVEN. Analytic models can be exact or approximate. Bell, D. E. and LaPadula, L. J. The trusted computer system evaluation criteria defined in this document apply to both trusted general-purpose and trusted embedded (e.g., those dedicated to a specific application) automatic data processing (ADP) systems. If the TCB is composed of distinct modules, the interfaces between these modules shall be described. * The number of non-hierarchical categories should be greater than or equal to twenty-nine (29). Look into the definition of computer performance evaluation, and explore computer performance parameters and challenges. Clearly, as the perceived degree of risk increases (e.g., the range of sensitivity of the system's protected data, along with the range of clearances held by the system's user population) for a particular system's operational application and environment, so also must the assurances be increased to substantiate the degree of trust that will be placed in the system. B1: ADD: The manual shall describe the operator and administrator functions related to security, to include changing the characteristics of a user. Lattice - A partially ordered set for which every pair of elements has a greatest lower bound and a least upper bound. B2: NEW: The TCB shall support a trusted communication path between itself and user for initial login and authentication. Unauthorized attempts to access files or programs, as well as all open, close, create, and file destroy actions; 8. SIGNIFICANT SYSTEM ENGINEERING SHALL BE DIRECTED TOWARD MINIMIZING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE TCB AND EXCLUDING FROM THE TCB MODULES THAT ARE NOT PROTECTION-CRITICAL. Documentation shall describe how the TCB implements the reference monitor concept and give an explanation why it is tamperproof, cannot be bypassed, and is correctly implemented. Distinctions in terms of system architecture, security policy enforcement, and evidence of credibility between evaluation classes have been defined such that the "jump" between evaluation classes would require a considerable investment of effort on the part of implementors. Networks may be closed (bound) or open (unbounded), web-based or located within a specified geographic area. .89 APPENDIX C: Sumary of Evaluation Criteria Classes. 2.0 DIVISION C: DISCRETIONARY PROTECTION Classes in this division provide for discretionary (need-to-know) protection and, through the inclusion of audit capabilities, for accountability of subjects and the actions they initiate.
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