Salvador-Olivan JA, Marco-Cuenca G, Arquero-Aviles R. Errors in search strategies used in systematic reviews and their effects on information retrieval. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2006; 59: 1057-1063. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BM. Spry C, Mierzwinski-Urban M. The impact of the peer review of literature search strategies in support of rapid review reports. The actual degree of reference overlap between MEDLINE and Embase varies widely according to the topic, but studies comparing searches of the two databases have generally concluded that a comprehensive search requires that both databases be searched (Lefebvre et al 2008, Bramer et al 2016) (see MECIR Box 4.3.a). It is important to consider the structure of the search strategy on a question-by-question basis. In addition, we hypothesize that the deep learning approach has high potential for further improvement and refinement going forward, notably by experimenting with graph neural networks to take advantage of the citation network and the authors collaboration network, or by including the Herfindahl index in the loss function, or simply by better combining bibliographic coupling and direct citation with the modified character-based neural network presented here. Franco JVA, Garrote VL, Escobar Liquitay CM, Vietto V. Identification of problems in search strategies in Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Reviews of interventions should include a search of MEDLINE (see MECIR Box 4.3.a). Available from: https://training.cochrane.org/resource/cochrane-information-specialists-handbook. Moreover, in all machine learning cases, the training datasets were smaller than the validation dataset, which limits the confounding effect that overfitting could have. They can, however, be a good way of trying to keep up to date on a more general level by monitoring what is currently being published in journals of interest. We motivate the choice of our convolutional architecture via a localized first-order approximation of spectral graph convolutions. The Herfindahl index itself originates in the economic literature but has been applied to measure the concentration of citations within a corpus in the last decade [29]. Examine any relevant retraction statements and errata for information. This book presents some of the most important modeling and prediction techniques, BMC Medical Research Methodology 2006; 6: 33. libraries, archives and museums) and about different kinds of materials, such as books, pictures, museum objects etc.The literature of library and information science is dominated by library cataloging, but it is important to consider other forms of cataloging. Lancet 1997; 350: 326-329. Local copies should be stored in a structured way to allow retrieval when needed. Bibliographic Formats and Standards is being revised. Although it is not yet used in bibliometric production, it can be seen in the 1findr abstracting and indexing database (see 1findr.com). A technical review of three clinical trials register resources indicates where improvements to the search interfaces are needed. Bramer WM. Engineering, Engineering (R0), Copyright Information: Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg 2012, Series ISSN: An Introduction to Statistical Learning provides an accessible overview of the field of statistical learning, an essential toolset for making sense of the vast and complex data sets that have emerged in fields ranging from biology to finance to marketing to astrophysics in the past twenty years. Contact relevant individuals and organizations for information about unpublished or ongoing studies. It is particularly important to save locally or file print copies of any information found on the Internet, such as information about ongoing and/or unpublished trials, as this information may no longer be accessible at the time the review is written. PubMed Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. Frandsen TF, Eriksen MB, Hammer DMG, Christensen JB. 2197-4136, Number of Illustrations: 556 b/w illustrations, Topics: MacLean CH, Morton SC, Ofman JJ, Roth EA, Shekelle PG, Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center. 1science, Montral, Qubec, Canada. Combining human and machine effort. Capture-mark-recapture as a tool for estimating the number of articles available for systematic reviews in critical care medicine. MECIR Box 4.3.a Relevant expectations for conduct of intervention reviews. For book series and journals, only the document types articles, conference papers, reviews, and short surveys were kept. Classification: What It Is and What It Does. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BM. Some bibliographic databases, such as MEDLINE and Embase, include abstracts for the majority of recent records. Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses. It is conceivable that the Herfindahl index could be used in the creation of a loss function, which would let the model optimize that metric. Identify appropriate controlled vocabulary (e.g. How much searching is enough? Finally, there is nothing precluding the addition to the model of data obtained by BC and DC, and DL therefore appears to be highly promising as a solution to help classify both journals and articles in a cost-effective, big data production context. Bai Y, Gao J, Zou D, Li Z. Studies have shown that errors occur in the search strategies underpinning systematic reviews and that search strategies are not always conducted or reported to a high standard (Mullins et al 2014, Layton 2017, Salvador-Olivan et al 2019). In addition to DL, three other machine learning approaches were considered for inclusion in the comparison to established bibliometric algorithm-based classifications. do not use a randomized trial filter in CENTRAL or a systematic review filter in DARE. Large-scale language models show promising text generation capabilities, but users cannot easily control particular aspects of the generated text. Lee K, Bacchetti P, Sim I. However their role in large-scale sequence labelling systems has so far been auxiliary. Initiatives to provide access to ongoing studies and unpublished data constitute a fast-moving field (Isojarvi et al 2018). This approach uses a process called active learning and it is able to semi-automate study selection by continuously promoting records most likely to be relevant to the top of the results list (O'Mara-Eves et al 2015). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Version 04 (updated September 2008): The Cochrane Collaboration; 2008. https://methods.cochrane.org/sites/methods.cochrane.org.sdt/files/public/uploads/Chapter07-Searching-%28September-2008%29.pdf. Chilcott J, Brennan A, Booth A, Karnon J, Tappenden P. The role of modelling in prioritising and planning clinical trials. The search must be rerun close to publication, if the initial search date is more than 12 months (preferably six months) from the intended publication date, and the results screened for potentially eligible studies. Ovid MEDLINE (segment name medall) covers all of the available content and metadata in PubMed with a delay of one working day (except during the annual reload, at the end of each year, when Ovid MEDLINE will not match the PubMed baseline). Cochrane Reviews take a systematic and comprehensive approach to identifying studies that meet the eligibility criteria for the review. An evidence-based checklist such as the PRESS Evidence-Based Checklist should be used to assess which elements are important in peer review of electronic search strategies (McGowan et al 2016a, McGowan et al 2016b). Wu XY, Tang JL, Mao C, Yuan JQ, Qin Y, Chung VC. exclusion of letters) should generally not be used in Cochrane Reviews, since any information about an eligible study may be of value. In this work, we propose a novel model of dynamic skeletons called Spatial Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2011; 6: 72-87. de Vet H, Eisinga A, Riphagen I, Aertgeerts B, Pewsner D. Chapter 7: Searching for studies. Journal of the Medical Library Association 2009; 97: 21-29. Layton D. A critical review of search strategies used in recent systematic reviews published in selected prosthodontic and implant-related journals: Are systematic reviews actually systematic? The scores in rows are subtracted from those in columns, each time involving scores computed on all 379,413 papers having more than 100 matched references. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE) 2015: Article no. Usually, the subfields selected by experts were related to each other, but disagreement between experts was sometimes high. Cooper H, Ribble RG. Woods D, Trewheellar K. Medline and Embase complement each other in literature searches. Dellavalle RP, Hester EJ, Heilig LF, Drake AL, Kuntzman JW, Graber M, Schilling LM. Scherer RW, Ugarte-Gil C, Schmucker C, Meerpohl JJ. MARC 21 in UTF-8 format allows all the languages supported by Unicode.[3]. 23. In both databases, the doubling period is approximately 17 yearsmeaning these indexes contain as many articles in the last 17 years as during all years prior. Publication bias in clinical research. Most analysts used search engines to acquire additional information about authors and their affiliation. The terms of use for access are based on the purposes to which the clinical data will be put. A recent study suggested that trials registers are an important source for identifying additional randomized trials (Baudard et al 2017). Morrison A, Polisena J, Husereau D, Moulton K, Clark M, Fiander M, Mierzwinski-Urban M, Clifford T, Hutton B, Rabb D. The effect of English-language restriction on systematic review-based meta-analyses: a systematic review of empirical studies. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2016; 87: 7-13. Download PDF Abstract: In this work, we perform unsupervised learning of representations by maximizing mutual information between an input and the output of a deep neural network encoder. Elsevier. O'Mara-Eves A, Thomas J, McNaught J, Miwa M, Ananiadou S. Using text mining for study identification in systematic reviews: a systematic review of current approaches. Review authors should justify the use of any restrictions in the search strategy on publication date and publication format (see MECIR Box 4.4.d). Details of the flow of studies from the number(s) of references identified in the search to the number of studies included in the review will need to be reported in the final review, ideally using a flow diagram such as that proposed in the PRISMA guidance (see online Chapter III); these can be generated using software including Covidence, DistillerSR, EPPI-Reviewer, the METAGEAR package for R, the PRISMA Flow Diagram Generator, and RevMan. Do you have feedback about the new online Handbook? Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. For details, see the Revision in progress section of the Abstract and Revision History. Previous work has demonstrated the effectiveness of data augmentation through simple techniques, such as cropping, rotating, and flipping input images. Brueton V, Tierney JF, Stenning S, Rait G. Identifying additional studies for a systematic review of retention strategies in randomised controlled trials: making contact with trials units and trial methodologists. This need not be onerous if suitable record keeping is performed during the process of the search, but it can be nearly impossible to recreate post hoc. Some, but not all, reports of eligible studies from MEDLINE, Embase and the CRGs Specialized Registers are already included in CENTRAL. The flow diagram records initially the total number of records retrieved from various sources, then the total number of studies to which these records relate. Science Communication 1989; 10: 179-201. Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. Briefly put, nearly all investigators and scholars whose research performance is evaluated with bibliometric indicators, or who have even a passing interest in the citation impact of their written works, are affected by design choices in some of the core classificatory systems of science that are commonly used in research evaluation. Ziel J. Email communication between Josephine Ziel (Product Manager, Content Assets, Biomedical & Biology, Elsevier Life Sciences Solutions Biology Products) and Carol Lefebvre (chapter author). Young T, Hopewell S. Methods for obtaining unpublished data. The International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) also provides access to a wide range of databases (and journals) including the Cochrane Library. MEDLINE is also available on subscription from a number of other database vendors, such as EBSCO, Ovid, ProQuest and STN. This gives rise to controversies over using mutually exclusive classification schemes, which make reporting more convenient and clearer, and multiple-class assignments, which are ontologically more robust. create date, entry date, last update date, publication date) as well as the coverage dates of the datafiles searched. Franco JVA, Garrote VL, Escobar Liquitay CM, Vietto V. Identification of problems in search strategies in Cochrane Reviews. What you see depends on where you sit: The effect of geographical location on web-searching for systematic reviews: A case study. The PRISMA-S Extension states that authors should strongly consider having the search strategy peer reviewed by an experienced searcher, informational specialist, or librarian and encourages authors to consider using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) Guideline Statement (Rethlefsen et al 2021). Arber M, Wood H. Search strategy development [webpage]. Lossless and reversible conversion from MARC, Data presentation through XML stylesheets, MARC records updates and data conversions through XML transformations, This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 15:36. As discussed elsewhere (Lefebvre and Duffy 2021), the following organizations and documents advocate peer review of searches: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in the US, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination in the UK, the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA), the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in Germany, the Institute of Medicine in the US, the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Searches (PRISMA-S Extension) and the PRISMA 2020 statement and explanation and elaboration documents (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination 2009, Institute of Medicine 2011, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2014, EUnetHTA JA3WP6B2-2 Authoring Team 2019, Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care 2020, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2020, Page et al 2021b, Page et al 2021a, Rethlefsen et al 2021). Fraser N, Brierley L, Dey G, Polka JK, Palfy M, Nanni F, Coates JA. Unfortunately, this was not strictly possible here because the bibliometrics-based classification strategies (DC, BC) do not lend themselves well to such a dataset split. It also covers those that do not meet all of the criteria but are well known and likely to be thought relevant by some readers. break a concept into two or more subconcepts; use a multi-stranded or multi-faceted approach that uses a series of searches, with different combinations of concepts, to capture a complex research question (, use a variety of different search approaches to compensate for when a specific concept is difficult to define (, use citation searching on key articles in addition to a database search (, records of ongoing trials for which results (either published or unpublished) are not (yet) available; and. Additionally, when searches are limited to English or to databases containing only English-language articles, there is a risk that eligible studies may be missed from countries where a particular intervention of interest is more common (e.g. The search for studies in a Cochrane Review should be as extensive as possible in order to reduce the risk of reporting bias and to identify as much relevant evidence as possible (see MECIR Box 4.3.a). Comprehensive versus optimal retrieval for technology assessments. Ferrante di Ruffano L, Davenport C, Eisinga A, Hyde C, Deeks JJ. Booth A. Searching for qualitative research for inclusion in systematic reviews: a structured methodological review. We present an actor-critic, model-free algorithm based on the deterministic policy gradient that can operate over continuous action spaces. The contribution of databases to the results of systematic reviews: a cross-sectional study. Use specially designed and tested search filters where appropriate including the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategies for identifying randomized trials in MEDLINE, but do not use filters in pre-filtered databases e.g. McGowan J, Sampson M, Salzwedel D, Cogo E, Foerster V, Lefebvre C. PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Explanation and Elaboration (PRESS E&E) Ottawa: CADTH; 2016a. For example, for one document, two analysts chose the subfield biophysics, whereas others chose anatomy & morphology, bioinformatics, biomedical engineering, or evolutionary biology (Table 3). This last layer was softmax activated. Download PDF Abstract: In this work, we are interested in generalizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular grids, where image, video and speech are represented, to high-dimensional irregular domains, such as social networks, brain connectomes or words' embedding, represented by graphs. We present an actor-critic, model-free algorithm based on the deterministic policy gradient that can operate over continuous action spaces. Unfortunately, making predictions using a whole ensemble of models is cumbersome and may be too computationally expensive to allow deployment to a large Conventional approaches for modeling skeletons usually rely on hand-crafted parts or traversal rules, thus resulting in limited expressive power and difficulties of generalization. These recommendations may influence record keeping practices of searchers. 2021b. Searching for unpublished data for Cochrane reviews: cross sectional study. Note that Embase is searched regularly by Cochrane for reports of trials. Often the cause of disagreement is a simple oversight on the part of one of the review authors. UNIMARC is maintained by the Permanent UNIMARC Committee of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and is widely used in Europe. For conference proceedings, only those classified as articles, reviews, and conference papers were used. All features, except the classification of publication references, were truncated, but not padded, to a specific maximum length (Table 1) and concatenated into one long string of text, which was itself truncated to a maximum length of 3,000 characters, the length of the 98th percentile when ordering the concatenated vectors per length. Pham B, Klassen TP, Lawson ML, Moher D. Language of publication restrictions in systematic reviews gave different results depending on whether the intervention was conventional or complementary. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2021; 133: 130-139. Glanville JM, Duffy S, McCool R, Varley D. Searching ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to inform systematic reviews: what are the optimal search approaches? While there is a currently accepted classification system for carbon stars, the subset of Hydrogen-deficient Carbon (HdC) stars has not been well described by such a system, due in part to their rarity and their variability. Frandsen et al. Hastie and Tibshirani developed generalized additive models and wrote a popular book of that title. When the disagreement is due to a difference in interpretation, this may require arbitration by another person. traditional Chinese medicines) (Pilkington et al 2005, Morrison et al 2012). Search filters are search strategies that are designed to retrieve specific types of records, such as those of a particular methodological design. For a Cochrane Review, the review objective should provide the PICO concepts, and the eligibility criteria for studies to be included will further assist in the selection of appropriate subject headings and text words for the search strategy. Determination of optimal levels of cluster aggregation is an ongoing development [11, 12, 16, 17]. How important are comprehensive literature searches and the assessment of trial quality in systematic reviews? Publication records from the following types of sources were used in the experiment: book series, conference proceedings, and journals. Baudard M, Yavchitz A, Ravaud P, Perrodeau E, Boutron I. Unfortunately, making predictions using a whole ensemble of models is cumbersome and may be too computationally expensive to allow deployment to a large Many of the sources listed in this chapter and the accompanying online Technical Supplement have been brought to our attention by a variety of people over the years and we should like to acknowledge this. Creating a report of the search process can be accomplished through methodical documentation of the steps taken by the searcher. Methods guide for effectiveness and comparative effectiveness reviews: AHRQ publication no. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251493.g004. Is MEDLINE alone enough for a meta-analysis? No statistical test were used as we measured precision, recall, specificity, sensitivity, and F1 on the whole dataset relevant for this task (i.e., the population) as opposed to using a few random samples [26]. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2003; 19: 591-603. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e010442. Iansavichene AE, Sampson M, McGowan J, Ajiferuke IS. https://www.cadth.ca/sites/default/files/pdf/CP0015_PRESS_Update_Report_2016.pdf. It involves exploring trade-offs between search terms and assessing their overall impact on the sensitivity and precision of the search. Download PDF Abstract: Stellar spectral classification, and especially the Yerkes system, has been highly useful in the study of stars. As multiple prior studies have reported, different classification methods are associated with trade-offs, and it may be difficult to single out one clearly superior approach [17, 20]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2005; 58: 769-776. Review authors should therefore consult their medical/healthcare librarian or information specialist for current advice. Further details on the implications of this for searching are available in the online Technical Supplement. Workload reduction in terms of screening burden varies depending on the prevalence of RCTs in the domain area and the sensitivity of the searches conducted. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251493, Received: September 14, 2020; Accepted: April 27, 2021; Published: May 11, 2021. Citation indexes can be used to identify studies that are similar to a study report of interest, as it is probable that other reports citing or cited by a study will contain similar or related content. These additional records are, for the most part, identified by Cochrane Information Specialists, many of whom conduct comprehensive searches to populate CRG Specialized Registers, collecting records of trials eligible for Cochrane Reviews in their field. Yes The purpose of search documentation is transparency, internal assessment, and reference for any future update. Validation, Waffenschmidt S, Knelangen M, Sieben W, Buhn S, Pieper D. Single screening versus conventional double screening for study selection in systematic reviews: a methodological systematic review. Review authors may also consider searching the internet, handsearching journals and searching full texts of journals electronically where available (see online Technical Supplement for details). Craven J, Levay P. Recording database searches for systematic reviews - What is the value of adding a narrative to peer-review checklists? The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (JAAD), the official scientific publication of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), aims to satisfy the educational needs of the dermatology community.As the specialty's leading journal, JAAD features original, peer-reviewed articles emphasizing: Irvin E, Hayden J. Kirkham JJ, Penfold NC, Murphy F, Boutron I, Ioannidis JP, Polka J, Moher D. Systematic examination of preprint platforms for use in the medical and biomedical sciences setting. Download PDF Abstract: A very simple way to improve the performance of almost any machine learning algorithm is to train many different models on the same data and then to average their predictions. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. Hartling L, Featherstone R, Nuspl M, Shave K, Dryden DM, Vandermeer B. Grey literature in systematic reviews: a cross-sectional study of the contribution of non-English reports, unpublished studies and dissertations to the results of meta-analyses in child-relevant reviews. A cross-sectional analysis of systematic reviews and survey of their authors. Bravata DM, McDonald KM, Shojania KG, Sundaram V, Owens DK. Several were based on BERT and BioBERT [22]. Using data sources beyond PubMed has a modest impact on the results of systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions. Sampson M, McGowan J, Tetzlaff J, Cogo E, Moher D. No consensus exists on search reporting methods for systematic reviews. For details, see the Revision in progress section of the Abstract and Revision History. Bibliographic and bibliometric classifications of research activities and publications have a subtle but pervasive influence on research policy and on performance assessments of all kinds [1, 2].In bibliometric assessments, assigning a research groups or institutions output to one field of research rather than another may drastically alter the results
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