We've update our package to depend on version 2.0.0. public abstract class This change was made to prevent temporary key values from erroneously becoming permanent when an entity that has been previously tracked by some DbContext instance is moved to a different DbContext instance. The Message entity has UserFrom and UserTo fields, Do not write code to manipulate all navigations and FK values each time a relationship changes. For example: Finally, another way to set payload data is by either overriding SaveChanges or using the DbContext.SavingChanges event to process entities before updating the database. However, in both cases the underlying behavior is the same. Manipulating the join table manually can be cumbersome. EF Core is an object-relational mapper (ORM) that enables .NET developers to work with a database using .NET objects. If any other services added afterwards depend on IMemoryCache they can quickly reach the default limit causing exceptions or degraded performance. This is why libraries like EF Core open the connection immediately before performing a database operation, and close it again immediately after. In this case, the column is limited to a maximum length of 64. For example: After removing the post from the first collection the object is not marked as Deleted as it was in the previous example. Tracking Issue #9148 To support this, AddDbContextFactory now also registers the DbContext type as a scoped service. This can be avoided by: Before EF Core 3.0, an untracked entity found by DetectChanges would be tracked in the Added state and inserted as a new row when SaveChanges is called. Are witnesses allowed to give private testimonies? Compiling small models is typically not worth it. Should I avoid attending certain conferences? Make sure to read the SQL Server sparse columns documentation to ensure that sparse columns are the right choice for your scenario. Entity Framework Core (EF Core) interceptors enable interception, modification, and/or suppression of EF Core operations. However, before doing this, it's important to understand that in EF Core, different database providers behave differently - EF Core does not attempt to abstract every aspect of the underlying database system. For example, with the fluent API: Before 3.0, EF Core applied cascading actions (deleting dependent entities when a required principal is deleted or when the relationship to a required principal is severed) did not happen until SaveChanges was called. but the User entity can not have Messages, because one time he is "userFrom" and other time he can be "userTo". I mean, the entiies were this same, but they had another tracking. This dependent/child entity is associated with a given principal/parent entity when the values of the foreign key properties on the dependent/child match the values of the alternate or primary key (PK) properties on the principal/parent. This change was made because client-generated string/byte[] values generally aren't useful, and the default behavior made it hard to reason about generated key values in a common way. Tracking Issue #12444 Interceptors are registered per DbContext instance when the context is configured. This tutorial uses SQLite because it runs on all platforms that .NET Core supports. For example: This translates to the following SQL when using SQL Server: EF Core supports splitting a single LINQ query into multiple SQL queries. This change was made to drive better application code through exposing this pathological case more explicitly. For example, this code: Retrieving a single item from the Cosmos database using Find with a partition key generates the CosmosEventId.ExecutingReadItem and CosmosEventId.ExecutedReadItem events. For EF Core: 3, 5, 6. For example, Posts: [{Id: 1}, {Id: 2}] in the output above indicates that the Blog.Posts collection navigation contains two related posts with primary keys 1 and 2 respectively. At a higher level, this means that either the DbContext of the factory can be injected into other D.I. This works the same way it always has done with relational providers. For example: Notice that the ValidTo column (by default called PeriodEnd) contains the datetime2 max value. Before EF Core 3.0, an untracked entity found by DetectChanges would be tracked in the Added state and inserted as a new row when SaveChanges is called. The entity does not have any property with a non-default value to identify whether the entity exists. After re-inserting the row Rainbow Dash, querying the historical data shows that the row was restored as it was at the given UTC time: EF Core migrations are used to generate database schema updates based on changes to the EF model. For example, using the fluent API: Before EF Core 3.0, a property could be specified by a string value and if no property with that name was found on the .NET type then EF Core would try to match it to a field using convention rules. Use a diagnostic listener to get the same information but for all DbContext instances in the process. After the second query, the Blogs.Assets reference navigations have been fixed up to point to the newly tracked BlogAsset instances. These methods have been moved onto a new DbContextOptionsExtensionInfo abstract base class, which is returned from a new IDbContextOptionsExtension.Info property. An entity with a foreign key is the child or dependent entity in the relationship. Value converters do not generally allow the conversion of null to some other value. The Put() method also returns a success message as before. For example, DbCommandInterceptor.ReaderExecuting is called before a query is executed, and DbCommandInterceptor.ReaderExecuted is called after query has been sent to the database. This feature was contributed by @wmeints. For example: Notice that this time all three migrations were applied, since none of them had yet been applied to the production database. This allows for asynchronous I/O, such as requesting an access token, to happen as part of intercepting an async database operation. This makes it easier to embed child types into the document for the parent type, which is usually the appropriate way to model parents and children in a document database. For example: But no class for the PostTag table. The base classes DbCommandInterceptor, DbConnectionInterceptor, and DbTransactionInterceptor contain no-op implementations for each method in the corresponding interface. Applications that assign primary key values onto foreign keys to form associations between entities may depend on the old behavior if the primary keys are store-generated and belong to entities in the Added state. If such a result is found, then the query is suppressed and cached results are used instead. The host is responsible for app startup and lifetime management. The following are example queries showing the translation on SQL Server into either a single query or multiple queries. EF Core 6.0 RC1 runs on Release Candidate 1 for .NET 6.0, which also has a go live license. Column ordering can also be configured using the ModelBuilder API in OnModelCreating. Many thanks! Starting with EF Core 6.0, a string property can now be mapped to a non-Unicode column using a mapping attribute without specifying the database type directly. This will result in an exception if SaveChanges is called while an orphan is being tracked. For example, after making some updates and deletes to our data, we can run a query using TemporalAll to see the historical data: Notice how the EF.Property method can be used to access values from the period columns. This way, the entity is marked as modified. This way, the entity is marked as modified. All of these got a lot of views, so I had to write a new article once EF Core 5 came out. The easiest way to change the relationship between two entities is by manipulating a navigation, while leaving EF Core to fixup the inverse navigation and FK values appropriately. EF Core 6.0 contains several new attributes that can be applied to code to change the way it is mapped to the database. It is also possible to turn off automatic deletion of orphans. EF Core improves the performance by executing INSERT statements for all the above entities in a single database round trip. So far all the examples have used a join entity type (whether explicit or implicit) that contains only the two foreign key properties needed for the many-to-many relationship. Both result in deleting dependent/child entities when the relationship to their required principal/parent is severed. Using this model, we can again associate a Post and a Tag by adding a post to the Tag.Posts skip navigation (or, alternately, adding a tag to the Post.Tags skip navigation): Looking at the debug view after making this change reveals that EF Core has created an instance of Dictionary to represent the join entity. For example: In addition, individual entity types can be configured to provision throughput for the corresponding container. Each side of the many-to-many relationship is related to this join entity with a one-to-many relationship. You can run and debug into the samples shown below by downloading the sample code from GitHub. I have seen many answers on Stack Overflow suggesting that people use an SQL profiler to view the underlying queries. GitHub Issue: #17914. For example, to find all numbers containing 555: This translates to the following SQL when using a SQLite database: Note that translation of ToString() for SQL Server is already supported in EF Core 5.0, and may also be supported by other database providers. This may seem strange, but it avoids completely shredding a deleted graph of entities by clearing all navigations. If supporting any of these features is critical to your success, then please vote for the appropriate issues linked above. However, sometimes it is useful to deal with temporary values directly. This could cause the wrong field to be used in ambiguous cases. EF Core interceptors can: Tell EF Core to suppress executing the operation being intercepted; Change the result of the operation reported back to EF Core; This example shows an interceptor that uses these features to behave like a primitive second-level cache. This includes low-level database operations such as executing a command, as well as higher-level operations, such as calls to SaveChanges. However, this process can be delayed until SaveChanges is actually called. The model in the GitHub repo referenced above contains 449 entity types, 6390 properties, and 720 relationships. If the value is generated by the database, then EF may assign a temporary value when you add the entity to the context; this temporary value will then be replaced by the database generated value during SaveChanges(). Entity Framework Core (EF Core) represents relationships using foreign keys. We will look at this underlying behavior first to understand how tracking of many-to-many relationships works. Refresh the original values of the concurrency token to reflect the current values in the database. If the transaction is rolled back, none of the operations are applied to the database. This feature was contributed by @KaloyanIT. The Put() method also returns a success message as before. However, it is also possible to manipulate FK values directly. Such code is more complicated and must ensure consistent changes to foreign keys and navigations in every case. The comments in the code indicate which properties are foreign keys, primary keys, and navigations. SQL Server temporal tables automatically keep track of all data ever stored in a table, even after that data has been updated or deleted. EF Core can only track one instance of any entity with a given primary key value. Select .NET Core, ASP.NET Core 2.2 and the Web Application (Model-View-Controller) template. EF Core supports queries that include historical data through several new query operators: See the SQL Server temporal tables documentation for more information on exactly which rows are included for each of these operators. For example, an application may want to generate its own temporary values for a graph of entities before they are tracked so that they can be used to form relationships using foreign keys. For example: Instances are returned to the pool when they are disposed. Many-to-many relationships in EF Core are implemented using a join entity. If you are using a stored procedure in FromSqlRaw/FromSqlInterpolated, you know that it cannot be composed upon, so you can add AsEnumerable/AsAsyncEnumerable right after the FromSql method call to avoid any composition on server side. Each customer has an address: Now, imagine we want a view over this data that shows how many customers their are into each postcode area. This change was made so that the version of SQLite used on iOS consistent with other platforms. Can you say that you reject the null at the 95% level? Instead, typical first operations that cause the model to be initialized include calling DbContext.Add or executing the first query. Starting with EF Core 6.0, calls to String.Concat with multiple arguments are now translated to SQL. Neither of these FK values need to be explicitly set by the application when manipulating relationships because their values come from the primary key properties of the related entities. For example: In both these cases, EF Core creates a shared entity typed based on Dictionary to act as the join entity between the two types. The bootstrapping code looks something like this: This is a partial class with partial methods that can be implemented to customize the model as needed. In such a case, the key value would be generated on the client as a GUID, serialized to bytes for byte[]. Executing this new bundle applies these two new migrations to the database: By default, the bundle uses the database connection string from your application's configuration. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. This change was made to improve the experience for using DeleteBehavior in an intuitive manner, without unexpected side-effects. In this article. Before Jane clicks Save, John visits the same page and changes the Start Date field from 9/1/2007 to 9/1/2013. Note that most applications do not need to use System.Linq.Async since EF Core queries are usually fully translated on the server. For example: The debug view after this change is exactly the same as it was in the previous example. Are the relationships in the classes ok? Failure is handled in much the same way as success, but in the ISaveChangesInterceptor.SaveChangesFailed or ISaveChangesInterceptor.SaveChangesFailedAsync method. These have the same effects as the sync methods, and can be used with the C# async and await keywords. For example, consider a Customer class where each customer has an owned Address: The address is optional, meaning that it is valid to save a customer with no address: However, if a customer does have an address, then that address must have at least a non-null postcode: This is ensured by marking the Postcode property as Required. Before EF Core 3.0, configuration of the owned relationship was performed directly after the OwnsOne or OwnsMany call. By default EF Core generates the value by concatenating the discriminator and the primary key values, using '|' as a delimiter. Note that explicit iteration is error-prone and hard to do robustly because the list of entity types and mapped properties may not be final at the time this iteration happens. Before EF Core 5.0, this join entity had to explicitly defined and mapped. For example, consider the following model: By default, EF Core orders primary key columns first, following by properties of the entity type and owned types, and finally properties from base types. For example: It is typically not necessary to look at the generated bootstrapping code. Before EF Core 3.0, ToTable() called on a derived type would be ignored since only inheritance mapping strategy was TPH where this isn't valid. The host is responsible for app startup and lifetime management. You can download the command interceptor sample from GitHub. So if you are composing after FromSqlRaw/FromSqlInterpolated, then EF Core will compose the SQL by causing sub query. Select OK. Set up Some or all of the entity's property values have been modified. For example, running the same code as in the previous example but with a required relationship results in the following debug view before SaveChanges is called: As expected, the dependents/children are now marked as Deleted. Starting with 3.0, EF Core doesn't try to use properties for foreign keys by convention if they have the same name as the principal property. If the values match, the operation can complete. Starting with 3.0, EF Core only allows expressions in the top-level projection (the last Select() call in the query) to be evaluated on the client. For example, calling ContextInitializedEventData.ToString generates "Entity Framework Core 5.0.0 initialized 'BlogsContext' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite' with options: None". Wait for the New ASP.NET Core Web Application dialog to appear. Tip. Starting with 3.0, DeleteBehavior.Restrict ensures that foreign keys are created with Restrict semantics--that is, no cascades; throw on constraint violation--without also impacting EF internal fixup. This is most useful for creating the equivalent of views on the in-memory database, especially when those views return keyless entity types. The audit entity is attached to the audit context, since it already exists in the database and needs to be updated. For example: The debug view before calling SaveChanges shows that the new assets has replaced the existing assets, which is now marked as Modified with a null BlogAssets.BlogId FK value: This results in an update and an insert when SaveChanges is called: Running the same code as in the previous example, but this time with a required one-to-one relationship, shows that the previously associated BlogAssets is now marked as Deleted, since it becomes an orphan when the new BlogAssets takes its place: This then results in a delete and an insert when SaveChanges is called: The timing of marking orphans as deleted can be changed in the same way as shown for collection navigations and has the same effects. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite. We reverted this change because new configuration in EF Core 3.0 allows the log level for any event to be specified by the application. Implementing CRUD Web API services with Entity Framework Core. We've updated our package to depend on Microsoft.Data.SqlClient. You should only manually control transactions if your application requirements deem it necessary. This change was made to make the behavior consistent and correct when attempting to lazy-load on a disposed DbContext instance. Starting with EF Core 3.0, AddDbContext and AddDbContextPool will no longer register these services with Dependency Injection (DI). Cached query results are returned for a specific query, avoiding a database roundtrip. I have 2 tables in the database. The Order property of ColumnAttribute can now be used to order columns when creating a table with migrations. For example, the following table is created on SQL Server: In EF Core 6.0, ColumnAttribute can be used to specify a different column order. For example, consider a ForumModerator class that extends from ForumUser: There may be millions of users, with only a handful of these being moderators. In this article. See Change Detection and Notifications for more information. Entity Framework Core provides no built-in support for it, and this tutorial doesn't show you how to implement it. EF Core 6.0 natively maps collections of primitive types when using the Cosmos database provider. For example, iterating through the customers and checking if the Address is null: Consider instead the case where no property off the address is required: Now it is possible to save both a customer with no address, and a customer with an address where all the address properties are null: However, in the database, these two cases are indistinguishable, as we can see by directly querying the database columns: For this reason, EF Core 6.0 will now warn you when saving an optional dependent where all of its properties are null. Many thanks! This change to the FK value in then persisted to the database when SaveChanges is called: In the previous example, a post was moved from one blog to another by manipulating the collection navigation of posts on each blog. It includes reverse engineering of DbContext and entity classes from existing databases and SQL Server DACPACs, management of database migrations, and model visualizations. Savepoint support was introduced in EF Core 5.0. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. If your model has a table sharing dependent with all optional columns, but the navigation pointing to it is not expected to be null then the application should be modified to handle cases when the navigation is null. This removes the need for much of the OwnsMany and OwnsOne calls in the Cosmos model. In this article. We are making this change because SQL Server 2008 is no longer a supported product and updating this feature to work with the query changes made in EF Core 3.0 is significant work. Entity Framework (EF) Core is a lightweight, extensible, and cross-platform version of the popular Entity Framework data access technology. For example, consider executing three separate queries for blogs, posts, and assets: Looking again at the debug views, after the first query only the two blogs are tracked: The Blog.Assets reference navigations are null, and the Blog.Posts collection navigations are empty because no associated entities are currently being tracked by the context. These values provision throughput on the database. Efficient database creation. This change should not impact application code unless it is registering and using custom services on the EF Core internal service provider. For example, this EF Core LINQ query: Is translated into the following on SQLite: And returns only uses with birthdays before 1900 CE: We have been standardizing on a common API for savepoints in ADO.NET providers. One notable exception to this is SQLite, where migrations will rebuild the entire table with new column orders. EF Core now includes a new way to apply these schema updates: migration bundles. For example, the query above will now return a new Category instance for each Product even when two products are associated with the same category. Explicit iteration over all properties of all entity types and use of the low-level metadata APIs when building the model. This means that the dependency won't flow transitively into other projects, and that you can no longer, by default, reference its assembly. When expressions in any other part of the query can't be converted to either SQL or a parameter, an exception is thrown. If an entity is tracked, any changes detected in the entity will be persisted to the database during SaveChanges().EF Core will also fix up navigation properties between the entities in a tracking query result and the entities that are We've updated our package to depend on version 2.0.0. This is because the same value converter can be used for both nullable and non-nullable types, which is very useful for PK/FK combinations where the FK is often nullable and the PK is not. You can try compiling a large model and running a benchmark on it by downloading the sample code from GitHub. This example shows an interceptor that uses these features to behave like a primitive second-level cache. What is rate of emission of heat from a body at space? to access all types of registration and configuration available in EF Core. This change can break an application if an entity type is configured to use generated keys but key values are explicitly set for new instances. When SaveChanges is invoked and a transaction is already in progress on the context, EF automatically creates a savepoint before saving any data. The EF Core In-Memory Database Provider lets us store and retrieve data to and from memory in .NET Core 6 applications. Notice also that an associated history table called EmployeeHistory is created automatically. This could result in queries not being parameterized when they should have been. Both the app and the host are configured using the configuration providers described in this topic. Before EF Core 3.0, FromSql method tried to detect if the passed SQL can be composed upon. Starting in 3.0, the .NET SDK does not include the dotnet ef tool, so before you can use it you have to explicitly install it as a local or global tool. This feature was contributed by @Giorgi. This makes sense, because it does not currently exist in the main table. Optimistic Concurrency. The DbContext lifetime. 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