It is often the case in conflicts involving irregular forces that the ammunition being fired is not specifically designed for the model of mortar in question (ARES, 2016). Artillery wins battles and therefore could win wars. I seem to recall that the older ammo for the m29 had a max range of about 4500 meters, while the newer ammo had a max range of about 5700 meters give or take. In the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps, it is normally deployed in the mortar platoon of an infantry battalion. The subordinate unit commander normally exercises C2 responsibility to include logistics support for the attached mortar unit/element. (PMID: 11885049) Suljevi I, Surkovi I. 5 February 1994, 12:15. This study examines the characteristics, use and effects of mortars. The barrel of the mortar is a metal tube, with a fixed firing pin. By using lightweight materials such as aluminum, titanium and nylon kevlar the total weight was reduced by 12 pounds (5.4kg) to 79 pounds (36kg). However, do not discount the role of the 81mm mortar in urban environments. This means that each infantry battalion has a mortar platoon providing indirect fire support for the other infantry companies in the battalion. Unable to identify. Mortars are indirect-fire weapon systems. The L16 81mm mortar is a British standard mortar used by the Canadian Army, British Army, and many other armed forces. Eight of these patients died in the hospital reception area immediately upon arrival. Much like rifled firearms, rifled mortar barrels impart spin to projectiles as they move up the barrel, which can increase accuracy. However, massing of mortar fires outside the zone of action of the organic unit is difficult due to the limited range of the mortar. The platoon commander retains responsibility for the control of the mortar unit /element's actions, to include positioning and displacement. [4] It entered service with the U.S. Army and replaced the previous 81mm M29 mortar in 1987. [4] The M252A1 was scheduled to replace the M252 in 2016. These weapons only possessed 2,200 yards of effective range. Fragments from the mortar hit the clinic. Some time between 21:00-22:00, a high explosive mortar projectile hit a house in the Al-Shamasi Neighbourhood. One person killed from fragmentation wounds. 15 rpm. It is most commonly found in the mortar platoon of an infantry battalion. Most mortars are restricted in elevation, and are only capable of firing at high-angle trajectories (above 45), meaning that they cannot be used in the direct fire support role (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). It originated as a joint design by UK and Canada. HRW was unable to identify which direction the mortar projectile came from. Five. 16 April 2011, 17:30. In addition to this, incremental propellant charges, sometimes known as augmenting, auxiliary, or supplemental charges, can generally be fitted to a mortar projectile. Balkans, Kuwait, Iraq, Afghanistan, Mali. What is the range of a 105mm howitzer? With robust designs and vintage classic style, discover the heritage of military timepieces today! Fired from three directions at the town of Sangin, but the exact firing points were not established. It offers a good balance of firepower and mobility. The majority of those killed and injured were students. The mortar platoon, or an element thereof, may be employed in Direct Support [DS] of a specific unit of the battalion; e.g., a company. Attached to the muzzle of the weapon is the Blast Attenuation Device (BAD), used to reduce the blast effects on the mortar crew. Location: Great generals throughout history have lauded the power and necessity of artillery in battle. Although nobody was killed in the incident, 4 people were injured and an ambulance and 3 private vehicles were damaged. The most common way of stopping the escape of the gases is to use a series of gas check bands. The version produced and used by Australia is named the F2 81mm Mortar, whilst the version used by the U.S. armed forces is known as the M252. Casualties: British army light role infantry battalions and the Royal Marines may transport their mortars in BvS 10 vehicles (the replacement for the Bv 206). Reported mortar attack, unspecified calibre. And to piggyback on that little trivia tidbit, the average price of each 81mm HE round, is about $600. Date/time of attack: An increased amount of propellant will result in an increased range. 81mm Mortar Characteristics (1) Plt HQ (2) Sections: (4) squads per Section (1) Squad = (1) M252 82mm + (6) Marines Max Eff: 5,700m The M252 has capable ranges of 83 meters minimum and 5,935 meters maximum. It is at the shoulder where the shape of the projectile is designed to prevent the gases produced by the propelling charge from escaping past the body of the projectile, and reducing its range. In the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marine Corps, the 81mm mortar is a battalion asset. Former Warsaw Pact members, and countries supplied by former Warsaw Pact states and China, tend to use the 82 mm calibre medium mortar. Special SOFREP Birthday Offer - Join Now . CharacteristicsRanges:A. Range mortar fired from: Weapon system: The M224 rounds have two fuze types: the Multi-option Fuze (M734) and the Point-Detonating Fuze (M935). 23 cases were studied where mortars were involved. Effective Casualty Radius: 81mm Mortar. At the time of this attack, mortars were a new element in the conflict, and it has been difficult to establish which party was firing them. . View down the smoothbore barrel of the L16 mortar. Sets with similar terms. In addition to these three components, modern mortars may also employ a fire-control system (FCS) to help to improve accuracy, set-up times, and speed up the rate of fire. The supported commander controls the allotted fires. Rapid Rate = 30 rounds per min for 2 minutesSustained Rate = 15 rounds per min indefinetly. Table 1 Case Studies for 81-120 mm Mortars, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 05 February 1994. Date/time of attack: Responsiveness is an inherent characteristic of mortars. Stream exclusive shows, documentaries, and news stories that celebrate America. Damage: Then again, last night I blew ~ 50 x 81mm rounds (2 separate point target, 2 tube, heavy, short missions), 12 x 60mm mortar rounds (direct lay targeted), and 6 x 75mm HE tank gun rounds on a single AT gun (behind bocage, but not dug in), and still failed to kill it. Twenty-eight casualties were taken to the State hospital; two of them died following reception. Some mortar projectiles use a hard nylon obturating ring or obturator band, instead of gas check bands. The version produced and used by Australia is named the F2 81mm Mortar, whilst the version used by the U.S. armed forces is known as the M252. The squad leader stands directly behind the mortar where they can command and control their squad. Mortar, unspecified calibre. In the U.S. it is produced by Watervliet Arsenal. M170A1 Mortar Mount 13.2 lbs M64A1 Sight 2.5 lbs M7A1 Baseplate 9.1 lbs M8 Baseplate 3.6 lbs SL-3 Complete 37.6 lbs Rates of Fire/Range Maximum rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute for four minutes. These mortars can be carried and operated by a single man, with other soldiers typically carrying additional ammunition. Casualties: The cannon has a crew-removable breech plug and firing pin. Mortars also have the capability to be fired from a light armored vehicle. In UK armoured/mechanised infantry battalions, the L16 mortar is mounted in an FV 432 AFV (six[2] per battalion mortar platoon). Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, University Hospital Center Kosovo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Medical Journal [2002, 43(2):209-212]. Damaged one ambulance and three cars. Mortars are generally smoothbore, muzzle-loading, indirect fire guns. Maximum effective range: 3500m. Infrared Illumination (IR): Produces illumination which is only visible through the use of night vision devices. . Effective maximum ranges vary depending on the chosen method of fire (conventional or hand-held). For example, in my first firebase in Uruzgan, Afghanistan, we had an active mortar pit within the firebase for base defense. They are ideal for attacking close in targets, targets on reverse slopes, and those targets in areas difficult to reach with low angle fire. Because numbers and data can actually be fun and interesting, here are more facts about the M252 81mm mortar. 81mm mortar min range. They are comparatively easy to operate and are employed with frequency in current and recent conflict zones. When the target is ranged, the first assistant ammunition bearer adjusts the amount of propellant by removing C-charges from the projectile. Limited numbers of rocket-assisted projectiles were employed in Syria in 2015 and 2016. Sustained Rate of Fire: 81mm Mortar. 83m. The kill radius of the 10-pound HE round is approximately 35 meters. The term indirect fire means firing at an enemy without having a direct line of sight. Ranger of the 1st Ranger Battalion firing an M2 60mm mortar , World War II. This report is concerned with medium and heavy mortars of 81, 82, and 120 mm in calibre. A rifle or a tank, for example, are direct-fire weapons. Lukavica area at a range of between 3,000 and 5,000 m (UN Protection Force Investigations). 30 rpm. While the M2s and M19s had an effective range of only 2,000 meters, the M224's new primary rounds gave it a range . Special SOFREP Birthday Offer - Join Now 5608m. The M252 81 mm medium weight mortar is a British-designed smooth bore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon used for long-range indirect fire support to light infantry, air assault, and airborne units across the entire front of a battalion zone of influence. Mortars are relatively simple weapon systems that can be locally manufactured using fairly basic metalworking skills (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). The M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar is a crew-served, medium weight mortar which is highly accurate and provides for a greater range (4,500 meters to 5,650 meters) and lethality than the previous 81mm mortar. 42 people were killed and an additional 85 people were injured in this incident. However, in populated areas people gather in large numbers in relatively small and often semi-enclosed areas such as markets. All Rights Reserved. Light mortars can be carried by a single soldier, and are found at the company level of some infantry units. NATO member states, as well as countries supplied by western manufacturers, tend to use the 81 mm calibre medium mortar. It was introduced in 196566, replacing the Ordnance ML 3 inch Mortar in UK service, where it is used by the British Army, the Royal Marines and the RAF Regiment. BBC reports that unusual about the attacks was that the market would have been considered a safe place from mortars as it was surrounded by high buildings. Most of the dead and injured came from a wedding party that was being held in the village. Additionally, many mortar projectiles may be fired with an adjustable propellant load. While the munition should nominally match the calibre of the mortar, there may be limitations on the amount of propellant that a given mortar can accept without damage. The M252 is the standard medium weight 81mm mortar in service with the U.S. military today. The M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar is a crew-served, medium weight mortar which is highly accurate and provides for a greater range (4,500 meters to 5,650 meters) and lethality than the . The mortar squad leader verifies the number of charges; then the assistant gunner drops the round down the muzzle of the tube. In addition they provide local security for the mortar position. The 81mm mortar is a portable, mobile, medium mortar at the infantrys disposal. Longer-range shots require more propellant than can fit in the tail of the round, hence the necessity of external charges. *Question: What is the maximum range for the M252 81mm mortar? Four people injured. At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. The answer is $25,000 a little higher than I had guessed, myself. The Range Indicator NSN is 5840-01-458-6159. Rocket-assisted mortar projectiles are also available, and these projectiles extend the range of the system. 81 mm mortar projectiles tend to be longer and more aerodynamically efficient than the 82 mm versions, and commonly have a longer range. The pressure from the expanding gas accelerates the projectile until it leaves the end of the tube. The M29A1, and the M259. Unknown. The baseplate of a mortar stabilises the system, and helps prevent the barrel from being driven into the ground by the recoil of firing. 35m. Air drop limitations. How far can a 81mm mortar shoot? Range mortar fired from: The bipod serves to help stabilise the mortar, and acts as a simple sighting arrangement. One 81 mm high explosive mortar round (as determined by Human Rights Watch, based on remnants and impact marks). By keeping the platoon in GS, the battalion commander retains flexibility, ease of coordination of fires, and the ability to mass fires. A single 120 mm mortar projectile was fired into a market in the attack on 5 February 1994 in Sarajevo, killing 68 and injuring approximately 144 civilians (Fish, 2004). The M252 is ideally suited to support airborne, air assault, mountain and light infantry units. [1] The mount consists of a base plate and a bipod, which is provided with screw type elevating and traversing mechanisms to elevate/traverse the mortar. The vast majority of HE mortar projectiles produced contain a primary high explosive fill of either TNT, or a mixture of RDX and TNT. 120mm IHE grenade DM91. Location: It originated as a joint design by the UK and Canada. Date/time of attack: The weapon can be man-packed by the mortar detachment, in which case the ammunition would be carried by other soldiers of the battalion. The M2 60mm mortar of World War II was the first 60mm model fielded, to be followed by the M19 and M224 models. Casualties: The rifled mortars can also fire smoothbore mortar projectiles, in which case the maximum ranges for the ammunition would be less than that for conventional smoothbore mortars, as more of the propellant gases would escape past the body of the projectile without imparting any energy to it. At approximately 11:00, 5 high explosive mortar projectiles of indeterminate calibre or calibres detonated in the same Markale marketplace as the 1994 attack. San Antonio, TX 78288. and less desirable in urban environments. As a longstanding partner of armed forces around the globe, Rheinmetall supplies a wide array of mortar systems and ammunition. Rates of Fire. Most mortars are restricted in elevation, and are only capable of firing at high-angle trajectories (above 45), meaning that they cannot be used in the direct fire support role (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). Infrastructure damage: Location: This is one of a series of attacks in Yemen in which mortar rounds were used against the civilian population with no military targets in the vicinity. Otherwise, it is carried disassembled in three loads, (barrel, baseplate and bipod with sights, each approximately 11kg), normally carried by a vehicle or helicopter and assembled for firing from the ground. Liaison is maintained between the 81 mm platoon commander and the supported unit through an FO. 120 mm smoothbore mortars have maximum ranges of approximately 7,200 m to 9,500 m, when firing conventional HE mortar projectiles. Weapon system: Sangin, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Residence and car. A crew of five enlisted personnel operate the M252: the squad leader, the gunner, the assistant gunner, the first ammunition bearer, and the second ammunition bearer. So mortars should be employed as an immediately available source of fire support for the infantry commander. The M252 is highly accurate up to ranges of 4500m to 5700m depending on the Minor damage to buildings around the street, but major damage to canteen area. Whilst 100, 160, and 240 mm mortars are also employed in conflict zones, 120 mm calibre mortars are by far the most common heavy mortars in service globally. Types of Ammunition High explosive. Field artillery has been called The King of Battle. And for good reason. At approximately 13:45, an unknown number of high explosive mortar projectiles struck the refectory of the College of Architecture at Damascus University. the max range of a specific ammunition type is its' effective range. List of crew served weapons of the US Armed Forces, "The Marines' Trusty Mortar Is Getting a Major Upgrade", Marines Want a Truck-Mounted Rocket-Launcher that Fits in an Osprey, "Picatinny lightens Soldiers' load, shaves 12 pounds off mortar system", "Army awards $8.5M contract to Watervliet Arsenal to lighten the load for infantrymen, Marines", "Marines get new mortar in Iraq to protect base from IS", Marines In the Hunt for a Mortar Round That Can Fire Up to 12 Miles, "Marines, soldiers could soon carry 'flash bang' mortars", "Need to know, 2015: What's new in gear and uniforms", Iraq: Turning a blind eye: The arming of the Popular Mobilization Units, "Army prepares for rollout of new handheld mortar computers", "Factfile: M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M252_mortar&oldid=1119225966. Two models have been in use by Rangers. You see the enemy, you aim, and fire that munition directly at him. This brings them within the effective range of the projectile, explaining the terrible outcome in this example. Generally speaking, newer projectiles fired from more modern mortars have greater ranges than the older versions. A crew of three is recommended for maximum firing efficiency. Sustained rate is 20 rds per minute. For conventional fire, the range of the M224 is listed at 3,490 meters (approximately 2.17 miles) while a range of 1,340 meters is approximated for hand-held firing. 11 August 2015, between 21:00 and 22:00. This is one in a series of mortar attacks on residential areas in Taiz. Direct tactical control (i.e., selection and occupation of firing positions), as well as administrative matters remains with the platoon commander. The second ammunition bearer stands to the right rear of the mortar behind the first ammunition bearer. The incident killed 15 people and injured 20 more. christian_elkins7. Each mortar platoon has four 81mm medium mortars at its disposal one for each squad. What is the blast radius of a 81mm mortar? A maximum rate-of-fire of 30 rounds-per-minute is attainable for up to 2 minutes. To increase cooling efficiency, the breech end is finned; though first-hand accounts attest that the level of cooling is negligible. The U.S. military uses a variety of mortar calibers for infantry support. Mortars can be man packed in terrain where vehicular support is restricted. 28 March 2013, 13:45. The M252 81 mm mortar, currently in use by Canada, UK and USA (source: GlobalSecurity.org). Nearest fighting happening at the time of the attack was one kilometre away. Apple TV: The Top 13 Military Shows You Need to Binge-Watch, SITREP: What Russia Officer Casualties tell us about Leadership in the Russian Army, SITREP: The Lessons in a Single Downed Helicopter and Russias Clay Feet, Six Fatal Mistakes Russia Has Made in Ukraine, There Is No Easy Way To Counter Iranian Drones Striking Ukraine, If the US Thought Putins Nuclear Threats Were Serious, Here is what we would be doing, Sanctions Have Russia Building Frankenstein Tanks, Your Subscription Supports our Veteran Staff. They place firing data on the sight and lays the mortar for deflection and elevation. The breech end is finned for better cooling. Number of mortar projectiles fired: There were 127 civilian casualties; 43 of these died and 84 were injured. It is part of a series of technical studies on explosive weapons undertaken by the GICHD, providing evidence and contributing to the analysis of the final report on Characterisation of Explosive Weapons (GICHD, 2017). However, in a fast moving operation, the mobility of mortars, coupled with their limited range capability, may be a restricting factor. Mortars can provide a heavy volume of responsive, accurate fire with a variety of ammunition. The weapon usually consists of three components; barrel (tube; including a sighting mechanism), baseplate and the bipod. Mortar systems can provide three different types of fires types of rounds and engagement for the infantry units they are supporting. The mortar platoon, or an element thereof, may be attached to a subordinate unit of the battalion. These casualty figures are unusually high considering single mortar effects. The M252 is an adaptation of the standard British 81mm mortar developed in the 1970s. With a maximum rate of fire of 33 rounds per minute, and 16 rounds per minute over a sustained period of time, these mortars offer a high level of capability. Mortars are found in the inventories of almost all state armed forces, and a majority of larger non-state armed groups. 81mm mortar: 4500m, 5700m, or 6,000m 4.2" mortarL 4800m, 5500m, or 6500m . M252 81mm Mortars The M252 81mm medium extended range mortar (see diagram below) is a crew-served, smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon system. Remarks: The assistant gunner stands to the right of the mortar, facing the barrel and ready to load. Max Rate of fire: 30 rpm . Conventional mortars do not have recoil mechanisms, with the main recoil force being transmitted directly to the ground via the baseplate. The range of a mortar is controlled by the number of propellant "C-charges" attached. The M252 system weighs 91lb (41kg) completely assembled and is composed of the M253 Cannon (35lb, 16kg), M177 Mount (27lb, 12kg), M3A1 Baseplate (29lb, 13kg), and the M64A1 Sight Unit (2.5lb, 1.1kg). This mortar replaced the previous Marine Corps 81mm mortar in 1986. Casualties: At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. The length of the mortar barrel has the most significant effect on the range of the projectiles fired, with longer barrels tending to allow for longer ranges. Mortars have a number of different designs in various calibres; this report highlights some of the most commonly encountered varieties of conventionally designed medium and heavy mortars specifically 81 mm and 82 mm medium mortars, and 120 mm heavy mortars. Number of mortar projectiles fired: 22 terms. Maximum Range: 2.17 miles. The M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar is a crew-served, medium weight mortar which is highly accurate and provides for a greater range (4,500 meters to 5,650 meters) and lethality. Active and passive measures are used to increase survivability. Their twofold records include a written table of firing data, type, and number of rounds fired, and the safety pins pulled from each round to provide physical evidence to the accuracy of the table. M252 mortar and crew in Afghanistan, 2009, M252 mortar crew and ammunition in Afghanistan, 2008, Marines fire an M-252 81mm mortar during live-fire training at Udairi Range in Kuwait, 2012, Marine M252 mortar crew deploying on a cliff-side in the Middle Euphrates River Valley in Syria, 11 October 2018, While the M252 does fire a weapon-specific series of ammunition, it can also fire rounds from the M29 Mortar (only at charge 3 or below though). The M252 is a gravity-fired smoothbore system. This smokescreen can either help conceal the movements and locations of friendly units, or obscure the vision of enemy units. USAA proudly serves millions of military members and their families with competitive rates on insurance, banking and investment services. There is generally a thread that allows the barrel to be moved either left or right to adjust for azimuth, and a screw adjuster that allows the angle of firing to be moved up or down, so as to adjust for range. Eighty-four casualties survived. The entire unit weighs 91lbs. [2], In 2017, the Marines revealed they were developing precision-guided rounds for the 81mm mortar, similar to efforts for the 120mm Expeditionary Fire Support System but in a man-portable system.[3]. In general, mortars are best in open areas or terrain and less desirable in urban environments. The M252 weighs about 91 pounds. Range mortar fired from: Location: [citation needed] The cannon also has a crew-removable breech plug and firing pin. Zawiyat el-Mahjoub medical clinic, Zawiya, Libya. Max Effective Range 5700 m; Rate of fire 25 - 30 rpm (1st 1-2 min) Ammunition HE, WP, Smoke, Illumination; 82 mm mortar projectiles are nominally 1 mm larger in diameter than the 81 mm mortar projectiles. Figure 1. The M252 Mortar can fire the following principal classifications of training and service ammunition:[9]. M29A1 / M259 81-mm Mortar. Obscuration rounds, or smoke rounds, create a smokescreen within the target area. They have the duty of preparing the ammunition (charge settings. Number of mortar projectiles fired: Twenty-three died immediately and 104 were injured, of whom 76 were transported to the Koevo University Hospital. Date/time of attack: Markale, Sarajevo, Former Republic of Yugoslavia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina). Number of mortar shells fired: Both smoothbore and rifled 120 mm mortars are in common usage. 30rounds/min for 2min. A higher angle will result in a shorter range, and a lower angle will have the opposite effect. Non-Lethal Indirect Fire Munition: Developmental round based on the M853A1 that disperses. The range of any given mortar's projectiles can be adjusted by the user. The range of any given mortars projectiles can be adjusted using two methods. Other armies count on 81mm mortar families. Mortar fires can be massed on a target by the organic unit. Firstly, high explosive rounds (HE) are used to suppress or destroy enemy infantry, weapons, and equipment. Mortar projectiles often impact the target at a very steep angle, making mortars ideal weapons for firing over, into or out of defilade. The survivors had injuries to limbs and burns. 2022 The SOFREP Media Group. North Korea Scrambles 180 Jets, South Korea Responds With 80 Jets of its own. 81mm mortar max range. A lightweight version, the M252A1 was first fielded in December 2014. It is probable that the high buildings around the marketplace reflected the shockwaves into the crowd, thereby increasing the lethality of the munition. 81mm mortar sustained rate of fire. Used in night missions requiring illumination for assistance in observation. . It originated as a joint design by the UK and Canada. Remarks: The maximum range of a mortar projectile is directly affected by the model of mortar it is fired from, as well as the number of incremental propellant charges. Rocket-assisted mortar projectiles may extend these ranges, but are not widely encountered (ARES, 2016). The maximum effective firing range is. The round is used to illuminate targets during night operations. A charge is a semi-circular donut of nitrocellulose, which resembles a puffy letter "C." A round for the M252 mortar comes with four charges attached. The gunner stands to the left of the mortar where they can manipulate the sight, traversing handwheel, and elevating handwheel. We employed both 81mm and 120mm mortars. Their ability to deny key-terrain access to the enemy is important, even in an urban space. These killed 20 people and injured another 40. Maximum Range is 5608 meters. Other indirect fire weapons are used when they can achieve the desired results. "81mm rounds have a maximum effective range of 5,608 meters," said Leininger. The M252 is an adaptation of the British 81mm L16A2 mortar developed in the 1950s. 6 case studies were selected for this report on the basis of the confirmed use of these weapons, the accuracy of documentation, and to geographical distribution of conflicts across the weapon studies. An unknown number of mortar projectiles hit a wedding party that was being held on New Years Eve 2014. 81mm mortar max rate of fire. Attachment is used when a subordinate unit is operating beyond the effective range of the mortar weapon; e.g., a patrol an independent attack, or during the early phase of an amphibious operation. Special SOFREP Birthday Offer - Join Now , 9800 Fredericksburg Rd. The kill radius of the 10-pound HE round is approximately 35 meters. Fox Nation is an entertainment streaming service brought to you by FOX News. The ministry of defence, the headquarters of the state media and President Bashar Al-Assads residence are all in the vicinity. Generally speaking, medium mortars can fire at ranges of 100 m to 5500 m, while heavy mortars have a range of some 500 m to 7,000 m (Gander & Hogg, 1993; Isby, 1988). Range mortar fired from: The United Kingdom's L16 81 mm mortar is the standard mortar used by the British armed forces. This mortar also uses the standard M64 mortar sight of the 60mm mortar, M224. 81 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 400 g and 680 g of HE and have a maximum range of approximately 6,500 m. 82 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 392 g and 680 g of HE and have maximum . With standard mortar, the maximum effective range is close to 4,000 metres; with a long-range system, this increases to nearly 4,500 metres. It replaced the older (WWII-era) 60mm M2 Mortar and the inaccurate M19 Mortar. [4][7] The Marines developed an improved M252A2 version that weighs about 8.16kg (18 pounds) less than the original and incorporates a 4 magnification sight with a new cooling system.[8]. Head and brain injuries were the most common injuries in patients who died immediately after admission or on the operating table immediately after triage. The house and a car were damaged in the incident. As the 81mm mortar can be employed and fired quickly it can unexpectedly shift the momentum of a battle when used effectively. Remarks: The attack was made on the university, which is located in a district that also contains government buildings. "120mm rounds can reach 7,200 meters and the kill radius spans 76 meters in diameter." All mortarmen follow the. Estimated death toll of 15 people, with 20 injured. Further, in some cases, mortars might be more desirable than artillery or airstrikes, which can create more devastation.
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