Death, funerals, and graveyards involve Buddhist rituals, not Shinto Many national holidays in modern Japan are Shinto in origin. The Shinto shrine was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. He is pictured surrounded by a halo of 8 drums that symbolize the sound of thunder and can ward off evil spirits. It's not very famous among foreigners, but if you're traveling to Japan between 2-4 November, it's definitely worth visiting. In this Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019, photo, men stand on top of a lantern . At the end of the Obon period, the spirits are sent off again on floating lanterns that are set adrift in rivers. 19, 2022 The Mid-Autumn Festival is named Tsukimi () or Otsukimi (literally meaning 'moon-viewing') in Japan. Karatsu Kunchi. [20] The most significant Shinto shrine in Japan is the Grand Shrine of Ise. November 3. He was in line with his 80 brothers to wed princess Yagami-hime and won her hand by helping Inaba the rabbit-god. Ordinary people , in general the inhabitants of the neighborhood, sometimes wearing a yukata and the yakuza . November 15. The skillful warrior Minamoto no Yoshiie (1039 - 1106) is said to have had his coming-of-age ceremony in Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu shrine, which definitely connected the god to the art of war. The purification gestures of cleaning hands and mouth with water thus became a custom and mandatory for anyone visiting a shrine. Sign up and be the first to hear our news and special offers! Explore Japan's essential sites and hidden gems, The matsuri are at the origin of the ceremonies in honor of the Shinto deities. . The good and the evil are not opposed, and a deity can be both throughout its existence. Shint shrines hold regular . Tanabata is above all an opportunity to make wishes and the Fireworks , symbols of the Japanese summer, are only intended to entertain the population. Check out our article below and learn more about Shinto! 2. . April 8th Hana Matsuri / Shinto flower Festival Shinto rite honoring the Kami. Prices and download plans . He descended from the sky with 3 relics his grandmother offered him: These 3 objects, the most sacred of Shintoism, are respectively preserved at Ise Grand Shrine, Atsuta-jingu shrine in Nagoya and in Tokyo Imperial Palace. Here is an overview of 10 of the best Japanese festivals in July 2022! This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. One was the three-dimensional view in which the Plain of High Heaven (Takama no Hara, the kamis world), Middle Land (Nakatsukuni, the present world), and the Hades (Yomi no Kuni, the world after death) were arranged in vertical order. November 23. The Fukagawa Festival is officially one of the Tokyo's big 3 Shinto festivals, along with the Sanno Matsuri and the Kanda Matsuri (which all date back to the 17th century). The other view was a two-dimensional one in which this world and the Perpetual Country (Tokoyo, a utopian place far beyond the sea) existed in horizontal order. Sometimes they are accompanied by dancers and are always followed by residents of the neighborhood or anyone wishing to join the procession. A respected god of war since the feudal period, Hachiman is mainly worshiped by the warrior class encompassing the samurai and their lords. Now we will know about the biggest shrine in Japan. National Holiday. This article looks at the Shinto fesitvals or matsuri. Not a national holiday, but a widely celebrated Buddhist holiday nationwide that lasts three days. This sacred ceremony takes place "behind closed doors", inside the sanctuary ( honden ), where the relic of the kami is deposited. Shorin-zan Daruma-ichi 6-7 January Hanadaka-machi, Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture Thousands gather throughout the day and the night to pray for good luck and to buy daruma dolls for the coming year. What Are The 5 Traditions Of The Obon Festival? Tenjin Matsuri ("Festival of the Gods") is an exuberant celebration that takes place at the end of July in the lively city of Osaka. Respect for the Aged Day, Keir no Hi . matsuri, (Japanese: "festival"), in general, any of a wide variety of civil and religious ceremonies in Japan; more particularly, the shrine festivals of Shint. 09/22/20 - Shuki sorei sai (Japan) . The 5 main traditions of Obon are the welcoming fire (Mukaebi), the offerings (Ozen), family grave visits (Ohakamairi), Bon dances (Bon Odori), and the farewell of the spirits (Okuribi/Toro Nagashi). Yayoi culture, which originated in the northern area of the island of Kyushu in about the 3rd or 2nd century bce, is directly related to later Japanese culture and hence to Shint. Obon grew out of Buddhist customs while also incorporating elements from Shinto, a folk religion native to Japan. Later, we built very elaborate floats, delicately worked and decorated, representing a sanctuary or other buildings or objects representative of a city or a district, or even a boat. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In order to rehabilitate him officially, he was posthumously appointed Chancellor of the Realm and deified as kami Tenjin. They are generally residents. Various parades and other shows can also bring crowds together. The festival celebrates Sugawara no Michizane, a poet and scholar from the Heian period who is deified at Osaka's Tenmangu Shrine. December 22nd Tohji-Taisai Sign in Sign up for FREE Prices and download plans The highlight of the festival is the parade of floats on July 17, and the festivities in the evenings before the parade. Third Monday in September. Much remains unknown about religion in Japan during the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages. C. Scott Littleton's "Shinto: Origins, Ritual, Festivals, Spirits and Sacred Places" is a surprisingly good guide to Japan's native religion, considering its small size and ease of reading. Please select which sections you would like to print: Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The mikoshi bearers are generally divided into three groups : the members of the sanctuary, sometimes dressed in white, a symbol of purity. . 49, No. National Holiday. It is a kind of shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines Naiku and Geku. To show their respect for the gods and their actions, the Japanese use the following honorific suffixes: Note that each Shinto deitys names can often be written with different kanji. misoka usually starts when families settle down to watch special New Year variety shows on television, commonly featuring popular entertainers and singers. A famous mythical story tells that infuriated by Susanoo, another of her brothers, she retreated in a cave, consequently depriving Earth of sunlight for several years. Japan Calendar (2022 & 2023) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic a large number of events have been canceled in Japan. Kanda Matsuri is one of Tokyo's biggest Shinto festivals. Historian, poet and professor of Chinese literature, this scholar was appointed Minister of the Right in 899 by the Emperor of Japan. Fujin is rarely worshipped alone, and most of the times he is pictured along with Raijin, especially under the great Kaminari-mon of Senso-ji temple in Asakusa in Tokyo. Shint consists of the traditional Japanese religious practices as well as the beliefs and life attitudes that are in accord with these practices. The history of the shichi-go-san festival. We are no longer updating this calendar and will resume when the situation normalizes. The procession ends in front of the shrine, with redoubled energy to shake the portable temples. One of her brothers is Tsukuyomi (or Tsukiyomi) born from Inazagis right eye and deemed god of the moon and the night. Setsubun, also called "bean-throwing festival," is an annual tradition held each February 3 in Japan. The word Shint, which literally means the way of kami (generally sacred or divine power, specifically the various gods or deities), came into use in order to distinguish indigenous Japanese beliefs from Buddhism, which had been introduced into Japan in the 6th century ce. This number includes natural phenomenon, such as waterfalls or rocks with a specific shape, as well as primary elements such as the sun, the wind, and the earth. The festival takes place from the 10-17th day of the 10th month based on the old lunar calendar, so the dates vary by year but usually fall in November. Labor Thanksgiving Day, Kinr Kansha no Hi . Each Shinto shrine also has several festivals throughout the year, which usually include purification rites, prayer, ritual music and dance, and feasts. Celebrated mid way through the year, this ritual involves a Grand Purification Ceremony where Japanese worshippers walk through a ring of woven grass and reeds which are place at the entrance of the shrines. But matsuri can also be simply celebrated in honor of the deity of the shrine or to commemorate an event. 1. These two sects brought certain esoteric Buddhist rituals into Shint. In syncretic Buddhism, Okuninushi is sometimes associated to Daikokuten, also a god of agriculture and one of the 7 Lucky Gods of Japan. Its main shrine is the famous and majestic Fushimi Inari Taisha. His cult dates to the early 8th century and is said to have been introduced by the Hata clan, a family of Korean immigrants, who made of a countryside kami its tutelary god and settled in Fushimi in the south of Kyoto. Whatever the origin or the theme of these festivals, they constitute for travelers a plunge into the centuries-old traditions of Japan and shake up stereotypes: Japanese parading in half-naked, men and women huddled together to wear the " divine palanquins ", jubilant crowds We are far from the image of reserved and shy Japanese people. The Chichibu Night Festival, which has roots stretching more than 1,000 years, is one of three famous Japanese festivals to feature huge floats, which can top 7 metres (23 feet) and weigh up to 15 . Extremely jealous, his brothers tried to kill him twice, but his mother resuscitated him and sent him seek refuge in the hells of Ne no Kuni where Susanoo reigned. Shinto is Japans indigenous religion that goes back . What is Japanese Matsuri? The festival of Yasaka Shrine, the Gion Matsuri is ranked as one of Japan's three best festivals, featuring over 20 meter tall festival floats. December 31. To convince her of going out, the other gods imagined a trick with a mirror to make her think another sun was born. The theorists of Sann Shintalso called Tendai Shintinterpreted the Tendai belief in the central, or absolute, truth of the universe (i.e., the fundamental buddha nature) as being equivalent to the Shint concept that the sun goddess Amaterasu was the source of the universe. Shinto also includes in its pantheon many other legendary creatures such as tengu or yokai appearing in the Japanese folklore, tales, and legends. Ask any kind of question and share your knowledge about Japan in Kanpais community space, our Q&A section Kotaete. They can be found anywhere, nestled at a corner of a street in a city or sheltered under a whole forest. The Summer Solstice is not celebrated much in Shinto, at least when compared with Neopaganism. In ancient times small states were gradually formed at various places. Children also feast on cotton candy. Every year, shrines stage festive celebrations called matsuri. Participants carry them on one shoulder using beams (two to six, depending on size). Each household in the neighborhood where the party takes place is invited to make a donation. The emperors of Japan or Tenno have long been considered as living incarnations of Shinto gods. Third Monday in July. By the late 8th century, kami were thought to be avatars (incarnations) of buddhas (enlightened individuals who had attained liberation [moksha] from samsara) and bodhisattvas (buddhas-to-be). News > World Shinto festival carries on centuries-old tradition in Japan. Read more. A young couples holds a Japanese traditional Shinto wedding ceremony attended by family members at Itsukushima Shrine on November 25, 2014 in Miyajima island, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The most popular dishes are takoyaki (octopus balls), kara-age (fried chicken), yakisoba (stir-fried noodles), yakitori and kakigri (crushed ice cream in syrup) and taiyaki (waffles filled with a accompaniement). Its sacred messenger animal is the ox and worshippers pet the animal's statue for good luck. Sometimes kami of nature and kami of ideas were regarded as their tutelary kami. In the countryside, young men turning 20 years old have the honor of being invited to carry the palanquin in parades at festivals. Help was therefore offered to kami in the form of Buddhist discipline. . Among the primary Yayoi religious phenomena were agricultural rites and shamanism. An important element of Japanese festivals are parades in which the local shrine's kami (Shinto deity) is carried through the town in a mikoshi (a divine palanquin). Kadomatsu (a decoration made of pine branches and bamboo) and shimekazari (rope of straw with strips of white paper) are placed in front of the house). It is the only time of the year when the kami leaves the shrine. The reigning members afterwards were all born from the same lineage of exceptional blood, including the present days emperor Naruhito. Ancient Shint was polytheistic. In 859, the Iwashimizu enclosure, set between the cities of Kyoto and Osaka, became a Hachiman-gu shrine, very influential within the imperial household that was then established in Heian-kyo (later Kyoto). Special Shint rites are performed to formally welcome girls (age 3) and boys (age 5) into the community. A huge number of matsuri are held each year, throughout the season and provide a never-ending chance to witness and be part of these amazing events. Every 3 years there is an extra special festival called a "hon matsuri", so the next ones are expected in 2023 and 2026. Establish in 1948, but before that celebrated as the birthday of the Meiji emperor. Nowadays, it is still considered as the second place of worship linked to the imperial ancestors and the most important after Ise. It is open at the front and is worn with a belt. During the period of time in Japan's history when the Shinto faith was gaining prominence, the Japanese Imperial family was seen as the source of everything heavenly. Information: Various flower festivals are held at Shinto shrines during the month of April. Its starting dates differ based on region. To Western eyes the combination of extreme solemnity and vulgar revelry can seem irreverent, but the mix of very different moods is an important feature that may encapsulate the intimate relationship that Shinto has with the world as it really exists. Shichi-go-san (: 7-5-3) is a Japanese festival celebrated for children aged 7, 5 and 3, thus the name. It comes from a word meaning 'to entertain' or 'to serve'. Read more. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. From the beginning of the Kamakura period (11921333), theories of Shint-Buddhist amalgamation were formulated. Following this vexatious episode Susanoo was driven away from the celestial gods world and came on Earth where he arrived in Izumo area. Shint can be roughly classified into the following three major types: Shrine Shint, Sect Shint, and Folk Shint. This systematization of Shinto was caused in part by the intrusion of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism into Japan: these Chinese systems imparted some beliefs and logic to Shinto at the same time that they threatened to overwhelm it. One of the highlights of these festivals is the parade of kami in their mikoshi portable shrines in the surrounding streets, to bless the neighborhood and its inhabitants. Shops also use this term when there are promotions on a product or exhibitions of regional specialties: "Hokkaido matsuri" "Okinawa matsuri", etc. In ancient and rural Japan, these festivals were usually held in the spring to pray and ask for bountiful harvests and in the fall to thank the gods for having given good harvests. Later, Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147 - 1199) who ascended to power as the first shogun of the Kamakura period (1185 - 1333) ordered the enlargement of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu shrine to thank the god for his help in the war against the Taira clan. Men and women can become priests, and they are allowed to marry and have children. Cherry blossom festivals take place in different regions of the country. Each year, children aged seven, five, and three don their finest traditional garb and visit their local shrines to be blessed. Shooting stands and various games are reminiscent of our fairgrounds. Shinto shrines are the places of worship and the homes of kami. Later he granted his power to Ninigi, sent by Amaterasu. People found kami in nature, which ruled seas or mountains, as well as in outstanding men. 1. The place is said to be the Isuzu-gawa river, that crosses Ise Jingu Grand Shrines grounds in Mie prefecture. Most of them are held from March to May, though other regions organize festivals during January, February, and June, depending on their location. Health-Sports Day, Taiiku no Hi . It is an animism that believes there are thousands of kami, or spirits, inhabiting nature, such as forests, rivers and mountains. love of nature, bodily cleanliness, and Shinto festivals, which are known as "matsuri" in Japanese. As the story goes, a vicious demon hid inside the vagina of a young woman after falling in love with her. Two different views of the world were present in ancient Shint. In this Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019, photo, Shinto priests attend a ritual for the Chichibu Night Festival in Chichibu, north of Tokyo, Japan. Shinto festivals tend to be loud and colorful, and food occupies a prominent place. Shintoism is an animist and polytheistic religion and has no official founder or sacred text. Divination, water purification, and lustration (ceremonial purification), which are all mentioned in the Japanese classics, became popular, and people started to build shrines for their kami. We made a non-exhaustive short list of the main Japanese kami, that are frequently encountered when visiting shrines in Japan or through the pop culture, especially video games and manga. The god of storms and destructive nature, he is characterized by being easily angered while being sometimes able of positive acts. It comes from a word meaning 'to entertain' or 'to serve'. A matsuri generally takes place in two parts : the sacred part where the priest or the higher priestess, gji sama, invokes the divinity by incantations and asks her to "descend" into the relic of the sanctuary, the physical incarnation of the kami , that the guji sama will place in the main mikoshi that it will seal. Shinto priests perform Shinto rituals and often live on the shrine grounds. There are two big festivals that happen at this shrine: The Imperial Festival and the Grand Festival. More than 40,000 Hachiman-gu shrines are dedicated to his cult and built throughout the country. Matsuri is also used to refer to Shinto festivals. Established in 1948, but in former times a very important day for the imperial family and court. Though the three-dimensional view of the world (which is also characteristic of North Siberian and Mongolian shamanistic culture) became the representative view observed in Japanese myths, the two-dimensional view of the world (which is also present in Southeast Asian culture) was dominant among the populace. Dated back to 1642, the festival sees t he shrine's 120 mikoshi (portable shrines) being carried down the local . They also believed in kami of ideas such as growth, creation, and judgment. We recognize them by their tattoos, which they can proudly show off during the party. This may include elaborate floats, accompanied by flute and drum music by the people sitting on the floats. Excursions and picnics for enjoying flowers, particularly cherry blossoms are also common, as well as many drinking parties often to be seen in and . The celebrations are very physical events, and may include processions, dramatic performances, sumo wrestling, and feasting. Initially the god of good harvests in a country where rice cultivation is ubiquitous, today Inari is worshipped as the god of successful business. Many national holidays in modern Japan are Shint in origin. Zuiki (taro stems) decorate the Mikoshi (shrine) which is carried by around 350 priests and shrine parishioners. The sun goddess Amaterasu was born from her fathers left eye when he was purifying in the river in Ise. After escaping Hell, he closed its access and went to purify himself at a spring, where his daughter Amaterasu, among others, was born. Festival of the Dead or Festival for Deceased Ancestors, Obon . Some can weigh up to over a ton. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. . The main Shint rites and festivals are for celebrating the New Year, child birth, coming of age, planting and havest, weddings, and groundbreaking ceremonies for new buildings. In ancient and rural Japan, these festivals were usually held in the spring to pray and ask for bountiful harvests and in the fall to thank the gods for having given good harvests. It is dedicated to kuninushi, a Shinto god of marriage. . Ancestors also become kami and can also help the living. Access to the honden is still prohibited to the public. Little by little, women were accepted. The official date is November 15th, but as it's not a national holiday most families will hold their festivities on the nearest weekend instead. Fundoshi : This was what served as men's underwear before they wore briefs. Toyohama Red Sea Bream Festival (Aichi) 4. Performances in the precincts of the shrine include: bugaku (ancient court dance) at 7 p.m. on the 5th, kagura (Shinto dance with music) at 6 p.m. on . A Far-Eastern family appreciating the moon The Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival was introduced to Japan 1,000 years ago and spread across the country. The first visit of a newborn baby to the tutelary kami, which occurs 30 to 100 days after birth, is to initiate the baby as a new adherent. Or to pray to the god of the sea for the safety of fishermen and for abundant fishing. Some of the most prominent shrines in Japan have more than one-half million visitors . National Holiday. Nowadays, the Emperor has lost his status of divinity but remains an important figure, symbol of the nation united and guarantor of the ancestral Shinto rituals. One is that Shinto festivals, much like Neopagan ones . An important element of Japanese festivals are processions, in which the local shrine's kami (Shinto deity) is carried through the town in mikoshi (palanquins). Hakata Gion Yamakasa (Fukuoka) 2. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Along with Gion Matsuri and Tenjin Matsuri, Kanda Matsuri is celebrated in May in Tokyo. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Beginning during the Edo period, it is held by Kanda Myojin Shrine in Tokyo's Chiyoda City and spreads out across neighborhoods like Kanda, Nihonbashi, Akihabara, and Marunouchi. Dazaifu Tenmangu shrine was therefore built in his honor so his soul can eternally rest in peace. A descendant of Susanoo, Okuninushi is the tutelary kami of Izumo Taisha Grand Shrine. It is unlikely, however, that the religion of these ages has any direct connection with Shint. Established in 1966 and held on Oct. 10, but since changed to the second Monday in October. After his death, several incidents, such as the premature death of the Fujiwara minister, as well as a fire at the palace induced people to think of the vengeance of Michizanes spirit. The word "Shinto", in Japanese, means the "way of the gods" and defines the existence of a myriad of gods.The quasi-infinite number of Shinto deities in Japan is sometimes estimated to 8 million.This number includes natural phenomenon, such as waterfalls or rocks with a specific shape, as well as primary elements such as the sun, the wind, and the earth. The feast of O-bon , of Buddhist origin, is dedicated to the deceased of each family. Hachiman is also known as the Minamoto clans protective kami. It, Shintoism is often cited as a religion, and yet, before Japan welcomed Buddhism, locals did not talk about it, Buddhism originates from India and traveled through China and Korea before reaching Japan in the 6th century, Obon is a period usually around mid-August in Japan for celebrations and Buddhist rituals. Gion Festival (Kyoto) 3. National Holiday. Karatsu Kunchi is a Japanese Festival in Karatsu City in the Saga Prefecture. At the period, the Yamato dynasty was in charge of Japan. ", From: Robert S. Gall, "Kami and Daimn: A Cross-Cultural Reflection on What Is Divine", Philosophy East and West, Vol. Usually drawn with an aggressive look, he then resembles a warrior figure and is a guardian deity protecting the entrance of temples and shrines. He is one of the most popular and most represented kami of Japan. People are encouraged to live in harmony with the spirits and can ask for their help. Around September 23. Isshoni means "together" in Japanese: share your trip details (dates, places you would like to visit) and find companions to travel in Japan. The prayer for good harvest in spring and the harvest ceremony in autumn were two major festivals honouring the ujigami. Mempo were started to be worn in wars from the 16th century, and they were made by skillful craftsmen using iron and lacquered leather. Table of contents. The Obon period is when the spirits of the ancestors return to their former habitats and are welcomed by their living descendants. 1 (Jan. 1999), p. 63, University of Hawai'i Press. Various Shint rites of passage are observed in Japan. Sanja Matsuri is one of the great Shinto festivals of Tokyo and is held in May, in Asakusa Festivals in Japan are a major part of Japanese cultural heritage. Mempo (Samurai Masks) Mempo is known as samurai mask, used both to protect warriors' faces and to give fearful impressions to enemies. Death, funerals, and graveyards involve Buddhist rituals, not Shint. Some are religious matsuris, like those. Bodhisattva names were given to kami, and Buddhist statues were placed even in the inner sanctuaries of Shint shrines. The prayer for good harvest in spring and the harvest ceremony in autumn were two major festivals honouring the ujigami. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. Japanese harvest and fertility festivals look very odd to our Western eyes. Later, after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the old system was revived. In the parties where they have always participated, they are accepted de facto. Only those who wear the happi can parade the portable reliquary. Up to now, the Japanese Shinto has more than 100 million followers, more than 9,000 shrines and has become the most important religion of Japan. Certain cities or districts but also small villages seem to live to the rhythm of these festivals which require a great mobilization on the part of the participants, immense energy and also significant financial means . This very ritualized sacred ceremony is followed by the procession of mikoshi , a popular festivity imbued with dynamism and gaiety where the sacred character of the festival is sometimes difficult to detect Porteurs de mikoshi le secouant de toutes leurs forces. Create your Kanpai account to manage your profile and view your participation history (questions, answers). Happi (sometimes called Hanten) : the traditional jacket of mikoshi wearers. The harder the test, the more the songs rise in crescendo. The god of wind, also named Futen, originates from the Hinduist deity Vyu and is holding on his shoulder a large bag or piece of fabric containing the wind. During summer matsuri , children have fun catching goldfish using paper landing nets. In some cases, Buddhist priests were in charge of the management of Shint shrines. There are said to be more than 100,000 a year across the archipelago. Toshikoshi-soba (long, thin buckwheat noodles) are traditionally eaten. Shint has no founder, no official sacred scriptures in the strict sense, and no fixed dogmas, but it has preserved its guiding beliefs throughout the ages. Some host karakuri , large dolls usually representing deities. " They take place throughout the year across the Archipelago and are of great importance. Omissions? Kanamara Festival is a festival that has meaning for many people. The natsu matsuri , summer festivals , are distinguished from other festivals that take place the rest of the year by their greater thematic diversity and their more "individual" character. Because Shinto originates in the agricultural prehistory of Japan, most of its festivals are tied to the farming seasons. Thus began the rivalry with the powerful Fujiwara clan, who were holding the position of Minister of the Left and refused to share the power with a scholar born in a lower class. Hina Matsuri is also called "peach blossom festival" ( momo no sekku), as the peach tree is renowned for its ability to ward off demons, and its fruit is a longevity symbol.The date of the celebration corresponds to the beginning of the peach trees blooming, from late February for the earliest.. March 3 is one of the 5 sekku () celebrations that mark the passing of .
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