characteristics of ethiopian agriculture

Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in Ethiopia, as well as depressed the ability of peasants to improve themselves. Coffee grows wild in many parts of the country, although most Ethiopian coffee is produced in the Oromia Region (63.7%) and in the SNNPR (34.4%), with lesser amounts in the Gambela Region and around the city of Dire Dawa. Land Degradation in Ethiopia: Causes, Impacts and - IISTE The agricultural sector is subject to periodic drought, and poor infrastructure constrains the production and marketing of Ethiopia's products. Section D. Under the Homegrown Economic Reform Program,the GOE intends to make the textile and apparel industry one of the economic engines that will propel future growth. Facing a Foreign Trade AD/CVD or Safeguard Investigation? Background and Objective: Detailed characterization of bio-physical resources in agricultural landscapes and documenting locally used soil fertility management practices is required for developing site-specific management scenarios in the study area. Agriculture accounted for 50% of GDP, 83.9% of exports, and 80% of the labor force in 2006 and 2007, compared to 44.9%, 76.9% and 80% in 20022003, and agriculture remains the Ethiopian economy's most important sector. During this period, markets were major actors of economic activity and various positive measures, which encouraged . [14], The most important cash crop in Ethiopia was coffee. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. Ethiopias cotton production is insufficient to meet the growing demand from the textile and apparel sector. [7], In 1984 the founding congress of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) emphasized the need for a coordinated strategy based on socialist principles to accelerate agricultural development. ", Table D.2. Per capita meat consumption was high by developing countries' standards, an estimated thirteen kilograms annually. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88 . It then continues in summarising the main specific characteristics of agriculture: The land use function, the supply and demand characteristics, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the provision of positive externalities and public goods, food as a unique and most essential good and agriculture as a key element for the development of . Develop a legal framework for agriculture-specific financial services such as micro-lending, crop insurance and forward contracts. Agriculture as a producer of positive externalities and public goods 2 2.4. Some estimates indicated that yields on peasant farms were higher than those on state farms. In the same fiscal year, 707,059.29 hectares under cultivation produced 6,169,279.99 quintals of oilseeds, an increase from the previous year of 4,970,839.57 quintals grown on 741,790.98 hectares. [27], Most of the estimated 7.5 million equines (horses, mules, and donkeys) are used to transport produce and other agricultural goods. The AMC set quotas of grain purchases to be delivered by peasant associations and cooperatives and also bought from private wholesalers, who were required to sell half of their purchases at predetermined prices. Culture of Ethiopia - history, people, traditions, women, beliefs, food Search term. PDF Ethiopian Agriculture: A Dynamic Geographic Perspective Official websites use .gov They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. Land ownership is also a complicating factor. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Ethiopian economy, contributing 41.4% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of the total exports, and 80% of all employment in the country (Matousa, Todob, & Mojoc, 2013). Commercial agriculture using the river basins, such as the Awash Basin, is a recent phenomenon. The opportunities and constraints facing Ethiopian agriculture are strongly influenced by conditions which vary across geographical space. Agriculture. Ethiopia - Agricultural Sector - International Trade Administration Climate change and specialty coffee potential in Ethiopia The importance of smallholder farming is increasingly recognized in rural areas where increased crop productivity and market participation can effectively improve their dietary diversity and nutrition quality. [18], Another new source for export revenue is the production of chat, an amphetamine-like stimulant which is consumed both inside Ethiopia and in adjacent countries, and which is considered a drug of abuse that can lead to mild to moderate psychological dependence. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave3, 2015-2016. ", Table D.1.1, "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Statistical Appendix", p. 26. <i>Methods</i>. Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as . The manufacturing sector plays a marginal role in employment generation, exports, output, and inter-sectoral linkages. The food deficit estimate for the 198589 period indicated that production averaged about 6 million tons while demand reached about 10 million tons, thus creating an annual deficit of roughly 4 million tons. @article{Haile1988CausesAC, title={Causes and Characteristics of Drought in Ethiopia. Agriculture is one of the best prospect sectors for growth in Ethiopia. Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Ethiopian Potato Varieties to [7], Livestock production plays an important role in Ethiopia's economy. Area, Production and Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Belg Season) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) When you select "Accept all cookies," you're agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. [7] According to the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), in 2008 the average Ethiopian farmer holds 1.2 hectares of land, with 55.13% of them holding less than 1.0 hectare. The study aimed to characterize the reproductive performances and physical characteristics of Blackhead Somali indigenous sheep breeds. The contribution of agriculture to growth in the manufacturing and services sectors was not significant between 1978 and 1998. The Structure and Performance of the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector The Homegrown economic reform plan identified structural and institutional bottlenecks affecting the agricultural sector in Ethiopia. However, the removal of arable land for conservation projects has threatened the welfare of increasing numbers of rural poor. Agriculture - Ethiopian Statistics Service However, beginning in 1987 the decline in world coffee prices, reduced Ethiopia's foreign-exchange earnings. Elementor #1090 - [] PORTER GHILLIE The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. Textile and apparel manufacturing and equipment. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. PDF Ethiopian Cattle Genetic Resource and Unique Characteristics - IJSR Ethiopia is home to one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. In Ethiopia's lowlands, for example, the presence of malaria kept farmers from settling in many areas. "Agriculture" (and subsections), updated with latest figures from the CSA. In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. Agricultural production has been highly dependent on natural resources for centuries [].However, increased human population and other factors have degraded the natural resources in the country thus seriously threatening sustainable agriculture and food security [2, 3]. As a result, agriculture continued to grow, albeit below the population growth rate. Section D. Land tenure rights as well as natural disasters, such as floods, hamper the countrys ability to quickly expand cotton production. The increased production coming from existing and anticipated investments in the local agro-processing sector, as well as imports, are expected to help satisfy this growing demand. The market for agriculture in Ethiopia is projected to register a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period, 2021-2026). Production jumped from 43,500 tons in 197475 to 74,900 tons in 198485. TheInternational Trade Administration,U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. In addition to wheat, the demand for oilseeds, such as soybeans and Niger seed, is expected to grow as Ethiopias demand for both cooking oil and livestock feed increases. The major binding constraints of the sector are insufficient yields due to inefficient provision of inputs and services, unclear land lease rights, limited investment in R&D and irrigation, marketing and logistics related problems, and lack of agriculture-specific financial services. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. But in the northern highlands, where title to farm land was shared amongst members of descent groups, many people resisted land reform. In June, 1997, the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO), today's Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) was established and merged all the existing agricultural research institutions which included: 1. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. Opportunities also exist for agricultural inputs and systems used to grow and process cotton into textile and apparel. Supply and demand characteristics 2 2.3. U.S. Department of Commerce [7] Multinational agribusinesses supply these industrial poultry farms with high yielding breeds, such as Rhode Island Reds and White Leghorns. These conditions include basic agricultural production potentials, access to input and output markets, and local population densities which represent both labor availability and local demand for food. [7], Ethiopia's estimated livestock population is often said to be the largest in Africa. to industries; export crops, from whose sales industries infrastructure and the like may be established; and . The Awash River basin supports many large-scale commercial farms and several irrigated small farms. In order to reduce the severity of this problem, several agricultural development strategies have been implemented since the 1960's. Agriculture is the country's most promising resource management. Consequently, individual holdings were frequently far smaller than the permitted maximum allotment of ten hectares. Peasant associations often were periodically compelled to redistribute land to accommodate young families or new households moving into their area. Beef exports are also growing, with additional market opportunities on the horizon. Recurring drought takes a heavy toll on the animal population, although it is difficult to determine the extent of losses. Matou, P., Y. Todo, et al. This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for Africa. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. Ensete flour constitutes the staple food of the local people. The government and the international community are working together to address many of these challenges. Although the MPPs improved the agricultural productivity of farmers, particularly in the project areas, there were many problems associated with discrimination against small farmers (because of a restrictive credit system that favored big landowners) and tenant eviction. Please see below a summary of agricultural focus areas and objectives laid out in Ethiopias ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030). Soil fertility status and wheat nutrient content in Vertisol cropping Challenges of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Ethiopia. [7], Ethiopia's demand for grain continued to increase because of population pressures, while supply remained short, largely because of drought and government agricultural policies, such as price controls, which adversely affected crop production. The program, designed for rural development, was first introduced in a project called the Chilalo Agricultural Development Union. In addition to cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) and beasts of burden (donkey, horse, mule) are not uncommon in this farming system. With 22% of children aged 5 to 14 working in the informal sector, the Department reported that "government efforts to address child labor have not sufficiently targeted sectors with a high incidence of child labor",[28] and cattle herding still figures among the goods listed in the DOL's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor published in December 2014. As a result, vegetable oils are widely used, and oilseed cultivation is an important agricultural activity. 2. Peasant associations used 361 nurseries to plant 11,000 hectares of land in community forest. [7], Agricultural productivity under the Derg continued to decline. To achieve this, the GOE seeks to leverage on developing huge unutilized arable land, modernizing production systems, and improving uptake of technology. [7] Despite government efforts, farmers responded less than enthusiastically. Teff, indigenous to Ethiopia, furnishes the flour for enjera, an sourdough pancake-like bread that is the principal form in which grain is consumed in the highlands and in urban centers throughout the country. During Derg rule, veterinary stations were opened at Bahir Dar, Bedele, and Bishoftu to provide treatment and vaccination services. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. Ethiopia's major staple crops include a variety of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and coffee. They are sticky when wet, hard when dry, and difficult to work. Rain-fed cotton also grew in Humera, Bilate, and Arba Minch. In fact, the Ethiopia Investment Commission considers the textile and garment sector as a strategic sector. To that end, the government has made significant investments in cotton production in order to support manufacturing, including the recent establishment of industrial zones, and has gone to great lengths to provide incentives to attract foreign manufacturers to set up operations in the country. According to Infomineo (2016), the key agricultural sectors in Ethiopia are the following: Coffee & tea; Ethiopia has a great potential for coffee production, thanks to the country's abundant rainfall, optimum temperatures, conducive altitude, and fertile soil. The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. Lake Tana Subbasin's Economy and The Role of Natural Resources -- 22. Most oilseeds are raised by small-scale farmers, but sesame was also grown by large-scale commercial farms before the era of land reform and the nationalization of agribusiness. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming . Practically all animals are range-fed. Brighter Green, 2. During the same period (197387), population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent (2.4 percent for 198087). The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. Section D. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture activities Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) This method was widely used in Ethiopia and southern Ethiopia because it is recommended for soils requiring more than one ton of lime per acre and soils with a pH of less than 5.8 [15].

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