Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market, leaders, careers and lifestyle. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. Dropping by to say, "Hi!" Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. Posted on March 01, 2015 The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. . The ekpe society has spawned a large number of Nsbd . nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. Due to the volume of cultural exchange, many other ethnic groups have often been regarded as being one with the Efik such as Kiong and Efut. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. identity. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. The term igo has also been used for the organization's members. Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. [32] The Efik having pity on these men gave them food and showed them hospitality. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. Updates? Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. [42] K.K. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. [67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. The Efik Language and Its Future. "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . Read More mask LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. [52] On the death of Chief Willy Tom Robins, a number of rituals were performed. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. [10] The original seven clans are scattered between Cross River state and Akwa Ibom state and consist of Iboku (Duke town, Henshaw town, Creek town and Cobham town), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. National Museum of African American History and Culture. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. Among these missionaries were Rev. The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. [69] On the appending of the Ekpe institution to its list of secret societies, the Ekpe society was reformed and adapted to suit the needs of the Efik people. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. [70] Several meals were composed of yam such as Usu abia, Iwk abia, Afia abia, sb abia, Edifrai abia and fp abia. Members are bound by oath of secrecy, and fees on entrance are payable. In Ekpe, he is a product of a dynasty of more than five Generations of Ekpe Sisikus, also known as Nfor Ngbe or Ekpe Chiefs. Efik society consists of various clans which were originally known as "Esien Efik itiaba" (English: Seven clans of Efik) and later known in the 21st century as "Esien Efik Duopeba" (English: Twelve clans of Efik). kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Prior to 1905, Old Calabar was a term used to describe the Efik settlements of Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo and Mbiabo (consisting of Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong and Mbiabo Ikoneto). There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. The paper critically examined the Ekpe society in its indigenous form and nature prior the advent of Christianity, Western education and Western influence.
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