But before we go ahead with discussion on measurement of electrical quantities with CRO, we should understand some basic oscilloscope patterns. 0000001091 00000 n 1ms = 0.001s and 1s = 0.000001s. 4. What should, Which of the following is NOT an adverbial conjunction? The CRO is used to measure the voltage, current, frequency, inductance, admittance, resistance, and power factor. 0000006112 00000 n Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 0 AC or DC voltage. %PDF-1.2 % 5. 3. 0000008291 00000 n Phase relationship 4. 0000004472 00000 n CRO is a very versatile instrument in laboratory for measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase angle of any electrical quantity. trailer << /Size 191 /Info 169 0 R /Root 171 0 R /Prev 328188 /ID[<9f188c6d2949861ae0217fd3440d544a><9f188c6d2949861ae0217fd3440d544a>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 171 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 165 0 R >> endobj 189 0 obj << /S 1259 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 190 0 R >> stream c)How to measure the phase? Oscilloscope is an electronic equipment, which displays a voltage waveform. Measurement of power and power factor of a single phase inductive load and to study effect of capacitance connected across the load on the power factor 5. 0000000794 00000 n At the centre of the instrument is a highly evacuated cathode ray tube with the following, (a) a heated cathode C to produce a beam of electrons - a typical beam current is of the order of. f =1/T. 2. Answer (1 of 4): To measure current, you need a way to convert the current into a voltage that the scope can measure. View CRO Measurements.pdf from ME 345 at New Jersey Institute Of Technology. Frequency is the INTRODUCTION: The cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) is a common laboratory instrument that provides accurate time and aplitude measurements of voltage signals over a wide range of frequencies. 3 0 obj 0000005284 00000 n %%EOF FREQUENCY AND TIME PERIOD MEASUREMENT: 1. We can measure following parameters using the CRO: 1. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 6 pages. 0000001246 00000 n know more about Digital Storage Oscilloscope & Dual Trace Oscilloscope. a.one tenth b.twice c.twenty times d.ten times. L> trailer << /Size 656 /Info 614 0 R /Root 620 0 R /Prev 255667 /ID[<1541868ae07a45e82e57ffa42b051137><1541868ae07a45e82e57ffa42b051137>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 620 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 616 0 R /Outlines 626 0 R /Threads 622 0 R /Names 624 0 R /PageMode /UseOutlines /OpenAction 621 0 R >> endobj 621 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 1 0 R /FitH -32768 ] >> endobj 622 0 obj [ 623 0 R ] endobj 623 0 obj << /I << /Title (A)>> /F 4 0 R >> endobj 624 0 obj << /Dests 613 0 R >> endobj 654 0 obj << /S 549 /O 705 /E 721 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 655 0 R >> stream A. Electronic Measurement Using CRO - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. To perform amplitude, frequency, and phase measurements using a calibrated cathode ray oscilloscope and to make use of Lissajous figures for phase and frequency measurements. This can be done in several ways: 1. 0000003679 00000 n Count the number of vertical divisions NV on the scope and . 0000054035 00000 n Scale each voltage channel so that each waveform fits in the display. 0000001435 00000 n Frequency can be measured on an oscilloscope by investigating the frequency spectrum of a signal on the screen and making a small calculation. The three methods commonly used for measurement of frequency using CRO are listed below. THEORY: The cathode ray oscilloscope is the most versatile measuring instrument available. Measure frequency, voltage, time period and phase using CRO and DSO Measure rise time and fall time using CRO and DSO Demonstrate the working of RF signal generator, pulse generator Identify and differentiate between active and passive transducers and principle of operation of different types transducers. Block Diagram of CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) %PDF-1.3 % Select only one answer. 0Y|#DQq@)08#HJ! 0000003507 00000 n xref 0000013217 00000 n FIG 1: Frequency on Cro screen FIG 2: Amplitude on Cro screen. 619 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 625 /H [ 1435 758 ] /L 268177 /E 19661 /N 20 /T 255678 >> endobj xref 619 37 0000000016 00000 n Measurement of low resistance by Kelvin's double bridge 6. 0000004827 00000 n Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of a cathode ray oscilloscope. CRO Measurements Voltage, Current, Time Period Frequency & Phase Measurement CRO MEASUREMENTS CRO - Used to measure 2. To calculate the frequency of the observed signal, one hasto measure the period, i.e. Now apply the sinusoidal wave of different frequencies by using the LEVEL and COARSE 4yS V 4>$c|]KU 0000002635 00000 n Analog CRO: In an analog CRO, the amplitude, phase and frequency are measured from the displayed waveform, through direct manual reading. CRO is basically an XY (2 dimensional) plotter which can plot an input signal vs another signal or an input signal vs time. 0000003659 00000 n <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> This technique is a remnant of . AIM: Measurement of phase difference & frequency using CRO (lissajous figure). 0000002967 00000 n . (a) Voltage Measurement using CRO : Both d.c and a.c can be measured on CRO. Possible methods using the PIC18F452 and C language. If you look at the CRO trace shown in Figure 2, you can see that the amplitude of the waveform, or the peak value of the voltage, is equivalent to 2 cm and the period of the trace is equivalent to 4 cm. We can measure frequency with the help of CRO, by using two different methods. H Using a CRO , the wave shapes of alternating currents and voltages can be studied. 123 0 obj <>stream Frequency Measurement. 0000007851 00000 n Its reliability, stability, and ease of operation make it suitable as a general purpose laboratory instrument. A straight line indicates a 0 or 180 phase difference. Measure distortion of RF signal . Find the amount of time per division on the x-axis (Time Base), then you just need to find when the wave begins to repeat itself (e.g a crest becoming a crest again, or any point where the wave repeats itself), c. Advantage of general purpose oscilloscope : 1. We cannot directly measure power by using CRO. 1. When reading an oscilloscope trace it is usual to measure peak-peak voltage. A cathode ray oscilloscope is used to study waveforms, transients, time based or . 3. 0000004324 00000 n Make sure that resistor's power rating should be equal or greater than the power output of the system. While a circle indicates a 90 difference. If the Y-gain or Y-sensitivity setting is 2 V/cm, then the peak . Thus c. Consequently d. Underneath, A sound level of 80 dB has ___________ the amplitude of a 60 dB sound. 2) Use CRO to record the amplitude of the input voltage, the voltage drop across R and C respectively. 0000002193 00000 n transient events to be seen more clearly; (g) a graphite coating to shield the beam from external electric fields and to provide a return path. 4. The CROs are used to analyse the waveforms, transient, phenomena, and other time-varying quantities from a . Measuring relative phase between oscilloscope traces using the time-difference method Requirements: Oscilloscope: Two channels (Includes virtually all oscilloscopes.) 0000002066 00000 n Procedure: Voltage and Time period Measurement: Select the sine output of the signal generator, set at 1KHz. 0000003968 00000 n Measurement of Voltage or Amplitude, Frequency, Time period and phase difference in CRO (HIndi) 0000001809 00000 n Measure the displacement of the line from x-axis. 0000006362 00000 n 0000002418 00000 n 0000004078 00000 n View Notes - LECTURE NOTE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES ONLY CRO.pdf from PHYSICS 9702 at Bangladesh International School, Dammam. Every physical object possessing the property of elasticity (springiness) has an inherent frequency at which it will prefer to vibrate. CRO is a very versatile instrument in laboratory for measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase angle of any electrical quantity. Figure 2 Measuring time delay between the same phase point on two waveforms using oscilloscope cursors. CRO 1 2. and time measurement. 0000002352 00000 n hii High frequency sawtooth wave form; Square wave form 1; 2; Next ; Tags : Multiple Choice Questions and Answers on Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) Multiple Choice Questions and Answers . You need to provide time-limited access to storage1. It has, many uses, including voltage measurement, observation of wave forms, frequency comparison. A CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) is an electronic instrument used for studying various electrical & electronic parameters and behaviors. Just be. 2. 3. assured for operation. This device is also used to check the AM and FM circuits characteristics. Method to Measure Current: Attach a probe with the register to an electrical circuit. Among the oscilloscopes, Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) is the basic one and it displays a time varying signal or waveform. 0000001609 00000 n trailer A waveform is obtained on the screen . (CRO) Question and Answer PDF Online. 0000004224 00000 n 2. 0000007360 00000 n 1 0 obj and compute frequency using the inverse. 0000061886 00000 n B) Measurement of Frequency: Procedure: 1. Apply the signal to Y-plates. LECTURE NOTE :C.R.O / Md. Lx 100 0 obj <> endobj This gives the peak value. A Lissajous figure is a pattern which is displayed on the screen when sinusoidal signals are applied to both horizontal & vertical deflection plates of CRO. for measuring the frequency uses the counter/timer. 1 B. (nDNxGEP*]n+ff<6#o['T 0000003161 00000 n The unknown d.c voltage is applied to the vertical input terminals placing the input . The phase difference, in degrees, can be determined using the equation: = t d /t p 360 = 10 ns/100 ns 360 = 36. Select one: a. channel 1 of CRO.As a result waveform is start plotting on the screen of CRO. 3. amplitude measurement, it can measure frequency, phase angle, time delay of the. 0. 2. 100 24 Lissajous patterns may be used for accurate measurement of frequency.The signal, whose frequency is to be measured, is applied to the Y plates. 0000002830 00000 n It is measured in seconds (s) but time periods tend to be short so milliseconds (ms) and microseconds (s) are often used. work. Method of Frequency Measurement Using the Principle of Mechanical Resonance. Voltage 22V 22V 18V Differential Input Voltage 40V 40V 30V Input Voltage Range (Note 2) 20V 20V 16V Output Short. Let it be l mm. 0000013466 00000 n A counter/timer is an instrument that can give a very accurate measurement of the frequency of a signal by counting each time a voltage crosses a particular value. 0000001933 00000 n You can only have "phase" *between* two wave-forms. 3. (d) a pair of plates Y1 and Y2 to deflect the beam in the vertical direction; (e) a pair of plates X1 and X2 to deflect the beam in the horizontal direction; (f) a fluorescent screen F on which the beam of electrons falls - in many modern oscilloscopes, this is coated with zinc sulphide, which emits a blue glow when electrons collide with it, while, there are other coatings that glow for some seconds after the beam has passed so enabling. ~=>rwB9XSa BfgG The maximum frequency of a scope can measure may vary but it always in the 100's of MHz range. 0000002758 00000 n 46. 0000019225 00000 n General purpose CRO's are used for maintenance of electronic equipment and laboratory. 4. Using EDWin: - Peak value and Peak to peak value can be directly obtained from waveform . 0000002430 00000 n Waveforms: Common frequency and shape Method: Display both channels as a function of time. startxref :Eg>/j &DSQ9ggH\m&:bR.6g*.aiS>pL3:kvkjhZ[%b Proper adjustment is made. <> 0000004972 00000 n This textbook can be purchased at www.amazon.com. Amplitude of signals like voltage, current, power etc., can be measured by it. 0000002514 00000 n 47. 0000062096 00000 n 0000003827 00000 n Then using the formula calculate the peak value V dc = vert. 2. 0yBE. Instruments using instrument transformer are low cost. At 100% modulation, the peak of the modulating carrier is twice the amplitude of the . 0000002067 00000 n 0000002423 00000 n 0000001676 00000 n Definition: The cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) is a type of electrical instrument which is used for showing the measurement and analysis of waveforms and others electronic and electrical phenomenon.It is a very fast X-Y plotter shows the input signal versus another signal or versus time. How to measure Voltage,current,frequency of AC supply of which varies to about 50HZ, using the A/D convertor. 0000002225 00000 n 0000001394 00000 n Where: t d is the delay between waveforms and t p is the period of the waveforms. 0000003008 00000 n Digital CRO: A digital CRO offers digital read-out of signal information, i.e., the time, voltage or frequency along with signal display. 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